Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Cell Rep Med. 2023 Oct 17;4(10):101201. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101201. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
Neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV-1 Env have been shown to protect from systemic infection. To explore whether these antibodies can inhibit infection of the first cells, challenge viruses based on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were developed that use HIV-1 Env for entry into target cells during the first replication cycle, but then switch to SIV Env usage. Antibodies binding to Env of HIV-1, but not SIV, block HIV-1 Env-mediated infection events after rectal exposure of non-human primates to the switching challenge virus. After natural exposure to HIV-1, such a reduction of the number of first infection events should be sufficient to provide sterilizing immunity in the strictest sense in most of the exposed individuals. Since blocking infection of the first cells avoids the formation of latently infected cells and reduces the risk of emergence of antibody-resistant mutants, it may be the best mode of protection.
针对 HIV-1 包膜的中和抗体已被证明可预防全身性感染。为了探究这些抗体是否可以抑制最初细胞的感染，人们开发了基于猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）的挑战病毒，这些病毒在最初的复制周期中利用 HIV-1 包膜进入靶细胞，但随后切换使用 SIV 包膜。与 SIV 不同，与 HIV-1 包膜结合的抗体可阻断非人类灵长类动物经直肠暴露于切换挑战病毒后 HIV-1 包膜介导的感染事件。在自然感染 HIV-1 后，这种最初感染事件数量的减少应该足以在大多数暴露个体中提供最严格意义上的绝育免疫。由于阻断最初细胞的感染可避免潜伏感染细胞的形成并降低出现抗体耐药突变体的风险，因此它可能是最佳的保护模式。
