Govindan Ramesh, Stephenson Kathryn E
Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Sep 12;12(9):1043. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091043.
Despite rigorous scientific efforts over the forty years since the onset of the global HIV pandemic, a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive. The challenges of HIV vaccine development have proven immense, in large part due to the tremendous sequence diversity of HIV and its ability to escape from antiviral adaptive immune responses. In recent years, several phase 3 efficacy trials have been conducted, testing a similar hypothesis, e.g., that non-neutralizing antibodies and classical cellular immune responses could prevent HIV-1 acquisition. These studies were not successful. As a result, the field has now pivoted to bold novel approaches, including sequential immunization strategies to drive the generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies and human CMV-vectored vaccines to elicit MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses. Many of these vaccine candidates are now in phase 1 trials, with early promising results.
自全球艾滋病大流行开始以来的四十年里，尽管进行了严格的科学努力，但安全有效的HIV-1疫苗仍然难以实现。事实证明，HIV疫苗开发面临着巨大挑战，很大程度上是由于HIV的巨大序列多样性及其逃避抗病毒适应性免疫反应的能力。近年来，已经进行了几项3期疗效试验，测试了类似的假设，例如非中和抗体和经典细胞免疫反应可以预防HIV-1感染。这些研究并不成功。因此，该领域现在已转向大胆的新方法，包括序贯免疫策略以推动广泛中和抗体的产生，以及人巨细胞病毒载体疫苗以引发MHC-E限制的CD8+T细胞反应。许多这些候选疫苗目前正处于1期试验阶段，已取得了早期的 promising 结果。 （注：promising此处未翻译，可能是原文拼写有误，推测应为“promising”，意为“有希望的”“前景好的” ，翻译时可结合上下文灵活处理，此处暂保留原文未翻译）
