肯尼亚一所学校视障青少年的口腔健康状况和卫生习惯。

Oral health status and hygiene practices among visually impaired adolescents from a school in Kenya.

机构信息

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Advanced Education in General Dentistry Program, Yakima, Washington, USA.

出版信息

BMC Oral Health. 2023 Oct 7;23(1):725. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03428-7.

DOI:10.1186/s12903-023-03428-7

PMID:37805471

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10559637/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Visual impairment affects a significant population globally. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health status and oral hygiene practices among visually impaired adolescents from a school in Kenya.

METHODS

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 159 adolescents aged 10-19 years attending the largest public primary boarding school for the blind in Kenya. A questionnaire was used to record participants' socio-demographic variables and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was undertaken to assess oral health status which consisted of oral hygiene, gingival health, and dental caries. Bivariate analyses were conducted to compare dental health outcomes across socio-demographic characteristics.

RESULTS

There were 69 (43.4%) and 90 (56.6%) participants in Category I and II visual impairment respectively, 85 (53.5%) were male and 74 (46.5%) were female. Study participants were divided into three age categories: 10-12 years 48 (30.2%), 13-15 years 67 (42.1%), and 16- 19 years 44 (27.7%), with an overall mean age of 13.9 ± 2.3. All participants brushed their teeth, majority 107 (67.3%) brushed two or more times daily. Only 66 (41.5%) of the participants replaced their toothbrushes at 3 months. Sex (p =< 0.001) and age (p = 0.04) influenced frequency of toothbrush replacement. The average plaque score and gingival score index was 0.95 ± 0.45 and 0.28 ± 0.25 respectively, with gingivitis prevalence of 88.1%. Overall dental caries prevalence was 44.7%, [42.1%)] permanent dentition and [8.2%] deciduous dentition. Mean DMFT and dmft were 0.44 ± 0.60 and 0.12 ± 0.32 respectively. DMFT had a statistically significant association with sex (t = 1.82, p = 0.03). Oral hygiene practices did not influence oral hygiene and dental caries status. However, a statistically significant association was reported between frequency of toothbrush replacement and gingival score index ("p" =< 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The study reported general good oral hygiene, prevalent gingivitis 140 (88.1%), and almost half of the study population affected by dental caries 71 (44.7%). Most participants were unaware of using fluoridated toothpaste and of needing to change toothbrushes within 3 months. Frequency of toothbrush replacement was reported to influence gingival score index.

摘要

背景

视觉障碍在全球范围内影响着相当一部分人群。本研究旨在确定肯尼亚一所学校的视障青少年的口腔健康状况和口腔卫生习惯。

方法

对 159 名年龄在 10-19 岁之间的青少年进行了描述性横断面研究，他们就读于肯尼亚最大的公立盲人小学。使用问卷记录参与者的社会人口统计学变量和口腔卫生习惯。临床检查评估口腔健康状况，包括口腔卫生、牙龈健康和龋齿。对社会人口统计学特征进行双变量分析，以比较口腔健康结果。

结果

视障程度分别为 I 类和 II 类的参与者分别为 69 名（43.4%）和 90 名（56.6%），85 名（53.5%）为男性，74 名（46.5%）为女性。研究参与者分为三个年龄组：10-12 岁 48 名（30.2%），13-15 岁 67 名（42.1%），16-19 岁 44 名（27.7%），平均年龄为 13.9±2.3 岁。所有参与者都刷牙，大多数 107 名（67.3%）每天刷牙两次或两次以上。只有 66 名（41.5%）参与者每 3 个月更换一次牙刷。性别（p<0.001）和年龄（p=0.04）影响牙刷更换频率。平均菌斑评分和牙龈评分指数分别为 0.95±0.45 和 0.28±0.25，牙龈炎患病率为 88.1%。总体龋齿患病率为 44.7%，[42.1%]恒牙和[8.2%]乳牙。平均 DMFT 和 dmft 分别为 0.44±0.60 和 0.12±0.32。DMFT 与性别呈统计学显著相关（t=1.82，p=0.03）。口腔卫生习惯与口腔卫生和龋齿状况无统计学关联。然而，牙刷更换频率与牙龈评分指数之间存在统计学显著关联（“p”<0.001）。