Department of Community Oral Health, Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave, 1439955991, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Oral Health. 2021 Feb 27;21(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01447-w.
We aimed to assess oral health and oral hygiene status among visually impaired adolescents and also to evaluate the factors related to their oral health.
This was a cross-sectional study among 130 visually impaired adolescents in Tehran, Iran, in December 2018. Of three schools for visually impaired children in Tehran, children in the sixth to the tenth grade (aged 12-17 years) were included after obtaining their parents' consent. WHO oral health questionnaire for children was filled out through face to face interviews. General characteristics were age, gender, status of visual impairment, place of residence, and parental education level. Oral health-related questions were perceived dental and gingival health, dental self-care, dental visits, medical conditions, and dietary habits. Oral examinations included Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‑S), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Univariate and multiple logistic regression tests were applied using STATA.
The mean age (SD) of the adolescents was 14.45 (1.61) years. The fully blind children were 33.8%, and those with low vision were 66.2%. Regarding the perception of dental and gingival health, nearly half of the adolescents were satisfied. The mean DMFT and decayed component (DT) were 2.43 ± 2.24 and 1.92 ± 2.12, respectively. The frequency of DMFT ≥ 3 was 45.4%. The mean OHI-S was 2.01 ± 0.70, and OHI-S > 1.8 was reported in 60% of children. The prevalence of BOP was 79.2%. DMFT was significantly associated with toothache (P = 0.003, OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.54-9.09), perceived dental health (P = 0.005, OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.40-6.67), and medical conditions (P = 0.03, OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.13-8.68). In addition, OHI-S was related to gender (P = 0.02, OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.83), perceived dental health (P = 0.006, OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.35-6.12) and medical conditions (P = 0.04, OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.04-8.97). BOP was associated with perceived gingival health (P = 0.02, OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.18-7.33).
Medical conditions and perceived dental and gingival health are possible predictors for oral health status in these adolescents. Although these children could not visualize caries or gingival bleeding during the brushing time, they could perceive the status of their oral health correctly. Also, being involved in medical problems can make more ignorance of oral health.
本研究旨在评估视障青少年的口腔健康和口腔卫生状况，并评估与他们口腔健康相关的因素。
这是 2018 年 12 月在伊朗德黑兰进行的一项横断面研究，纳入了三所盲童学校的 130 名视障青少年。参与者为 6 至 10 年级的儿童（年龄 12-17 岁），在获得父母同意后纳入研究。通过面对面访谈填写 WHO 儿童口腔健康问卷。一般特征包括年龄、性别、视力障碍状况、居住地和父母教育水平。口腔健康相关问题包括感知的牙齿和牙龈健康、牙齿自我保健、看牙医的频率、医疗状况和饮食习惯。口腔检查包括龋齿、失牙和补牙（DMFT）指数、简化口腔卫生指数（OHI-S）和探诊出血（BOP）。采用 STATA 进行单变量和多变量逻辑回归检验。
青少年的平均年龄（SD）为 14.45（1.61）岁。完全失明的儿童占 33.8%，低视力的儿童占 66.2%。关于对牙齿和牙龈健康的感知，近一半的青少年感到满意。DMFT 平均值为 2.43±2.24，龋齿部分平均值为 1.92±2.12。DMFT≥3 的频率为 45.4%。OHI-S 的平均值为 2.01±0.70，60%的儿童报告 OHI-S>1.8。BOP 的患病率为 79.2%。DMFT 与牙痛（P=0.003，OR=3.70，95%CI：1.54-9.09）、感知的牙齿健康（P=0.005，OR=3.06，95%CI：1.40-6.67）和医疗状况（P=0.03，OR=3.13，95%CI：1.13-8.68）显著相关。此外，OHI-S 与性别（P=0.02，OR=0.36，95%CI：0.15-0.83）、感知的牙齿健康（P=0.006，OR=2.87，95%CI：1.35-6.12）和医疗状况（P=0.04，OR=3.05，95%CI：1.04-8.97）有关。BOP 与感知的牙龈健康有关（P=0.02，OR=2.94，95%CI：1.18-7.33）。
医疗状况和感知的牙齿及牙龈健康可能是这些青少年口腔健康状况的预测因素。尽管这些孩子在刷牙时间内无法看到龋齿或牙龈出血，但他们能够正确感知自己的口腔健康状况。此外，参与医疗问题可能会导致他们对口腔健康的忽视。
