Elgendy Mamdouh Y, Ali Shimaa E, Abbas Wafaa T, Algammal Abdelazeem M, Abdelsalam Mohamed
Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; WorldFish, Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt.
Chemosphere. 2023 Dec;344:140366. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140366. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
Marine pollution and bacterial disease outbreaks are two closely related dilemmas that impact marine fish production from fisheries and mariculture. Oil, heavy metals, agrochemicals, sewage, medical wastes, plastics, algal blooms, atmospheric pollutants, mariculture-related pollutants, as well as thermal and noise pollution are the most threatening marine pollutants. The release of these pollutants into the marine aquatic environment leads to significant ecological degradation and a range of non-infectious disorders in fish. Marine pollutants trigger numerous fish bacterial diseases by increasing microbial multiplication in the aquatic environment and suppressing fish immune defense mechanisms. The greater part of these microorganisms is naturally occurring in the aquatic environment. Most disease outbreaks are caused by opportunistic bacterial agents that attack stressed fish. Some infections are more serious and occur in the absence of environmental stressors. Gram-negative bacteria are the most frequent causes of these epizootics, while gram-positive bacterial agents rank second on the critical pathogens list. Vibrio spp., Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Renibacterium salmoninarum, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., and Mycobacterium spp. Are the most dangerous pathogens that attack fish in polluted marine aquatic environments. Effective management strategies and stringent regulations are required to prevent or mitigate the impacts of marine pollutants on aquatic animal health. This review will increase stakeholder awareness about marine pollutants and their impacts on aquatic animal health. It will support competent authorities in developing effective management strategies to mitigate marine pollution, promote the sustainability of commercial marine fisheries, and protect aquatic animal health.
海洋污染和细菌性疾病爆发是两个密切相关的难题，影响着渔业和海水养殖的海洋鱼类生产。石油、重金属、农用化学品、污水、医疗废物、塑料、藻华、大气污染物、与海水养殖相关的污染物，以及热污染和噪音污染是最具威胁的海洋污染物。这些污染物排放到海洋水生环境中会导致严重的生态退化和鱼类一系列非传染性疾病。海洋污染物通过增加水生环境中的微生物繁殖和抑制鱼类免疫防御机制引发众多鱼类细菌性疾病。这些微生物大部分自然存在于水生环境中。大多数疾病爆发是由攻击处于应激状态鱼类的机会性细菌病原体引起的。有些感染更为严重，在没有环境压力源的情况下也会发生。革兰氏阴性菌是这些动物疫病最常见的病因，而革兰氏阳性细菌病原体在关键病原体名单上排名第二。弧菌属、美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种、海生黄杆菌、爱德华氏菌属、链球菌属、鲑鱼肾杆菌、假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属和分枝杆菌属是在受污染的海洋水生环境中攻击鱼类的最危险病原体。需要有效的管理策略和严格的法规来预防或减轻海洋污染物对水生动物健康的影响。本综述将提高利益相关者对海洋污染物及其对水生动物健康影响的认识。它将支持主管当局制定有效的管理策略，以减轻海洋污染，促进商业海洋渔业的可持续性，并保护水生动物健康。
