Pulmonary infections after renal transplantation.

The prevalence of pulmonary infections has been assessed in a series of 93 patients who succumbed after renal transplantation. Pneumonia was considered to be the immediate cause of death in 15 patients; microscopic examination revealed further 10 cases, with pneumonic foci in the lungs. Consequently, the prevalence of pulmonary infections was 27%. Pneumonia was diagnosed on chest X-ray in only 48%, with "uraemic lung" as the most common confounding diagnosis. Clinical microbiology disclosed pathogenic bacteria in the sputum in 40% of the cases. It is concluded that the diagnostic yield would be enhanced by more frequent chest X-rays and presumably with more invasive methods of acquiring specimens for microbiological studies. It is also possible that the application of more stringent criteria for the use of high-dose intravenous steroids for supposed rejection will lead to less pneumonia in patients with renal transplants.