Hernández D, Zambra C, Astudillo C A, Gabriel D, Díaz J
Institute of Chemistry of Natural Resources, University of Talca, Box 747, Talca, Chile.
Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Box 747, Talca, Chile.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 1;9(9):e19770. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19770. eCollection 2023 Sep.
In apple processing, waste material known as apple pomace amounts to 45% of production volumes. When this residue is stored in open-air for its stabilization and potential uses, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are produced, resulting in environmental and odor pollution, and must be managed to avoid their impact. This work aims to study the emission of VOCs utilizing TD-GC/MS and its relationship with changes in physico-chemical (moisture, pH, proteins, among others) and biological (bacteria and fungi using Illumina MiSeq) parameters under three environmental conditions: open-air (outdoors), under-roof (indoors) and oxygen-free. The 8-month study results showed a gradual increase in odorous VOCs and microbial diversity, a product of chemical and biological transformation processes in the samples. A 30% increase in odorant compounds responsible for the unpleasant smell was observed, especially esters, aldehydes and hydrocarbons in samples stored in oxygen-free and Open-air conditions. Increases in VOCs over time were associated with changes in physico-chemical and biological parameters, as well as fluctuations in environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation). The results of this research allow establishing a relationship between storage conditions and the production of VOCs. In addition, recommendations for waste storage time are provided for the most common uses of apple pomace based on the physico-chemical parameters observed, in order to avoid the generation of odorous compounds. Of all storage methods analyzed, under-roof is the most adequate in practice. This study's findings are pertinent for managing agribusiness waste and its potential environmental pollution.
在苹果加工过程中，被称为苹果渣的废料占产量的45%。当这些残渣露天储存以实现稳定化和潜在利用时，会产生挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），从而导致环境和气味污染，因此必须加以管理以避免其影响。这项工作旨在利用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用仪（TD-GC/MS）研究VOCs的排放情况，以及在三种环境条件下（露天（室外）、屋顶下（室内）和无氧环境）其与物理化学参数（水分、pH值、蛋白质等）和生物学参数（使用Illumina MiSeq测序仪分析细菌和真菌）变化之间的关系。为期8个月的研究结果表明，有气味的VOCs和微生物多样性逐渐增加，这是样品中化学和生物转化过程的产物。研究发现，导致难闻气味的气味化合物增加了30%，尤其是在无氧和露天条件下储存的样品中的酯类、醛类和烃类。随着时间的推移，VOCs的增加与物理化学和生物学参数的变化以及环境变量（温度、相对湿度和降水量）的波动有关。这项研究的结果有助于建立储存条件与VOCs产生之间的关系。此外，根据观察到的物理化学参数，针对苹果渣最常见的用途提供了废料储存时间的建议，以避免产生有气味的化合物。在所有分析的储存方法中，屋顶下储存在实际应用中是最合适的。这项研究的结果对于管理农业综合企业废料及其潜在的环境污染具有重要意义。
