López-Ros Paloma, López-López Reyes, Pina David, Puente-López Esteban
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.
Applied Psychology Service (SEPA), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 1;9(9):e19495. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19495. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Workplace violence in the health care setting is a social problem of great interest both at the health care level and in research in recent decades. The most common type of violence is the one coming from the user towards the professional. Although the bibliography includes multiple preventive actions focused on working with professionals, there are hardly any studies that explore and collect actions aimed at the user. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of the literature to provide an overview of the current evidence. Specifically, it aims to describe the various user-directed strategies or interventions aimed at reducing workplace violence experienced by professionals within the healthcare sector. A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), methodology of publications published up to December 2022 in the main databases. Studies that met the previously established eligibility criteria were identified. A peer review of the risk of bias was performed and the data were extracted from a previously elaborated template. The search yielded 5231 articles of which 11 were finally included in the review. Of these, 3 had a quantitative design, 7 had a qualitative design and one had a combined design. Of these, 38 measures or actions aimed at the user were compiled, grouped into four blocks according to the attitudinal objective pursued: Improvement of communication and creation of links, involvement of the user in joint decisions with the staff, informing and training the user, and other independent proposals. This study makes it possible to explore actions aimed at users with the objective of reducing violence towards health professionals. It collects and makes available to the scientific community a set of measures aimed at making a change of attitude in the perpetrator themselves, with the involvement of the perpetrator in the health system. This set of collected measures provides researchers with a basis to be taken into account for the implementation of future prevention plans according to the new multicomponent prevention models and with the involvement of the perpetrator themselves.
近几十年来,医疗环境中的工作场所暴力在医疗层面和研究领域都是备受关注的社会问题。最常见的暴力类型是使用者对专业人员实施的暴力。尽管文献中包含多种针对专业人员的预防措施,但几乎没有研究探讨和收集针对使用者的措施。本研究旨在分析文献结果,以概述当前的证据。具体而言,其目的是描述各种针对使用者的策略或干预措施,旨在减少医疗行业专业人员所经历的工作场所暴力。按照系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA),对截至2022年12月在主要数据库中发表的出版物进行了系统评价。识别出符合先前确定的纳入标准的研究。对偏倚风险进行了同行评审,并从先前制定的模板中提取数据。检索共得到5231篇文章,其中11篇最终被纳入综述。其中,3篇为定量设计,7篇为定性设计,1篇为混合设计。在这些研究中,整理出38项针对使用者的措施或行动,根据所追求的态度目标分为四个板块:改善沟通与建立联系、让使用者参与与工作人员的共同决策、告知和培训使用者以及其他独立建议。本研究使得探索针对使用者的措施成为可能,目的是减少对卫生专业人员的暴力行为。它收集并向科学界提供了一系列旨在促使犯罪者自身态度转变的措施,让犯罪者参与到卫生系统中。这组收集到的措施为研究人员提供了一个依据,以便根据新的多成分预防模式并在犯罪者自身参与的情况下,在实施未来预防计划时予以考虑。