Yulihastin Erma, Fathrio Ibnu, Sulaiman Albertus, Hatmaja Rahaden Bagas, Satyawardhana Haries, Nauval Fadli, Nugroho Dwiyoga, Djamaluddin Thomas, Pranowo Widodo Setiyo, Bramawanto Rikha, Basit Abdul, Mujiasih Subekti, Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis, Lestari Sopia, Ratnawati Herlina Ika, Nugroho Jalu Tejo, Nuryanto Danang Eko
Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia.
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 2;9(9):e19804. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19804. eCollection 2023 Sep.
The short-lived tropical squall lines could trigger weather-related hazards to the northern part of the Indonesia Maritime Continent (IMC), such as Sumatra and Kalimantan. Herein, we investigated the rare propagation event of the long-lived Sumatra squall line associated with a severe storm surge that induced coastal inundation in Java-Bali with devastating impacts from 22 May-2 June 2020. With a comprehensive approach combining observational, numerical, and analytical studies, for the first time, we proposed the possible mechanism related to the long-lived squall line over the IMC, which represents the largest equatorial tropical region with the most complicated air-sea interaction area in the world. Our findings suggest that the long-lived squall line related to the supercell-like thunderstorm initiated from multicell over central Sumatra on May 20, 2020, continuously propagated southeastward until several days later reached Bali. The near-quasi steady convective line has 6 hours of time travel from central Sumatra to west Java. The supercell-like rapidly develops from multicell with a deep convective updraft under the strong and fast cold pool (∼13.8 m s). The further southeastward propagation of squall line with broken line type seems reinforced by low-level moist transport from the Java Sea. This study also suggested that this unusual event of a long-lived squall line might occur more frequently in the warming upper ocean in the IMC.
短暂的热带飑线可能会给印度尼西亚海洋大陆（IMC）北部，如苏门答腊和加里曼丹带来与天气相关的危害。在此，我们调查了2020年5月22日至6月2日期间，与一场严重风暴潮相关的、罕见的苏门答腊飑线长期传播事件，这场风暴潮导致爪哇-巴厘岛沿海地区被淹没，造成了毁灭性影响。通过综合运用观测、数值和分析研究方法，我们首次提出了与IMC上空长期存在的飑线相关的可能机制，IMC是世界上最大的赤道热带地区，也是海气相互作用最为复杂的区域。我们的研究结果表明，与超级单体雷暴相关的长期飑线于2020年5月20日在苏门答腊中部由多单体雷暴引发，持续向东南方向传播，直到几天后到达巴厘岛。这条近乎准稳态的对流线从苏门答腊中部到西爪哇有6小时的传播时间。超级单体雷暴在强烈快速的冷池（约13.8米/秒）下由多单体雷暴迅速发展而成，伴有深厚的对流上升气流。飑线呈折线状进一步向东南方向传播，似乎受到来自爪哇海的低空水汽输送的加强。这项研究还表明，在IMC上层海洋变暖的情况下，这种长期飑线的异常事件可能会更频繁地发生。
