Uddin Md Galal, Diganta Mir Talas Mahammad, Sajib Abdul Majed, Hasan Md Abu, Moniruzzaman Md, Rahman Azizur, Olbert Agnieszka I, Moniruzzaman Md
Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland.
Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 9;9(9):e19668. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19668. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Groundwater resources around the world required periodic monitoring in order to ensure the safe and sustainable utilization for humans by keeping the good status of water quality. However, this could be a daunting task for developing countries due to the insufficient data in spatiotemporal resolution. Therefore, this research work aimed to assess groundwater quality in terms of drinking and irrigation purposes at the adjacent part of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) in Bangladesh. For the purposes of achieving the aim of this study, nine groundwater samples were collected seasonally (dry and wet season) and seventeen hydro-geochemical indicators were analyzed, including Temperature (Temp.), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), total organic carbon (TOC), bicarbonate (HCO), chloride (Cl), phosphate (PO), sulfate (SO), nitrite (NO), nitrate (NO), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The present study utilized the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality index (CCME-WQI) model to assess water quality for drinking purposes. In addition, nine indices including EC, TDS, TH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (Na%), permeability index (PI), Kelley's ratio (KR), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were used in this research for assessing the water quality for irrigation purposes. The computed mean CCME-WQI score found higher during the dry season (ranges 48 to 74) than the wet season (ranges 40 to 65). Moreover, CCME-WQI model ranked groundwater quality between the "poor" and "marginal" categories during the wet season implying unsuitable water for human consumption. Like CCME-WQI model, majority of the irrigation index also demonstrated suitable water for crop cultivation during dry season. The findings of this research indicate that it requires additional care to improve the monitoring programme for protecting groundwater quality in the RNPP area. Insightful information from this study might be useful as baseline for national strategic planners in order to protect groundwater resources during the any emergencies associated with RNPP.
为确保水质良好，以供人类安全可持续利用，世界各地的地下水资源都需要定期监测。然而，由于时空分辨率数据不足，这对发展中国家来说可能是一项艰巨的任务。因此，本研究旨在评估孟加拉国鲁普尔核电站（RNPP）毗邻地区用于饮用和灌溉的地下水水质。为实现本研究的目标，季节性（旱季和雨季）采集了9个地下水样本，并分析了17种水文地球化学指标，包括温度（Temp.）、pH值、电导率（EC）、总溶解固体（TDS）、总碱度（TA）、总硬度（TH）、总有机碳（TOC）、碳酸氢根（HCO）、氯离子（Cl）、磷酸根（PO）、硫酸根（SO）、亚硝酸根（NO）、硝酸根（NO）、钠离子（Na）、钾离子（K）、钙离子（Ca）和镁离子（Mg）。本研究采用加拿大环境部长理事会水质指数（CCME-WQI）模型评估饮用水水质。此外，本研究还使用了9个指标，包括电导率（EC）、总溶解固体（TDS）、总硬度（TH）、钠吸附比（SAR）、钠百分比（Na%）、渗透率指数（PI）、凯利比率（KR）、镁危害比率（MHR）、可溶性钠百分比（SSP）和残留碳酸钠（RSC），以评估灌溉用水水质。计算得出的平均CCME-WQI分数在旱季（范围为48至74）高于雨季（范围为40至65）。此外，CCME-WQI模型将雨季的地下水水质评为“差”和“边缘”类别之间，这意味着该水不适合人类饮用。与CCME-WQI模型一样，大多数灌溉指标也表明旱季的水适合作物种植。本研究结果表明，需要格外注意改进监测计划，以保护RNPP地区的地下水水质。本研究的深入信息可能对国家战略规划者有用，以便在与RNPP相关的任何紧急情况下保护地下水资源。
