El-Dakar Ashraf Y, Elgamal Amin A, Baky Amer Mohamed Abdel, Mohammed Aala S, Abdel-Aziz Mohamed F
Department of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquaculture and Marine Fisheries, Arish University, Arish, Egypt.
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 2;9(9):e19602. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19602. eCollection 2023 Sep.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented soybean meal with bacteria on growth performance, feed utilization, carcass composition, and hematological, and histological section of the liver and intestine of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Commercial soybean meal (SBM) containing 44% Crude Protein (CP) was fermented using the solid-state fermentation method which depended on autoclaving of SBM, then bacterial treatment injection by , and finally incubation at 40C for 72 h then autoclaved to stop the growth of bacteria. Five isonitrogenous (25% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.4 kcal\g gross energy) experimental fish meal-free diets were formulated to compare with a common control diet containing fishmeal and unfermented soybean meal. Diets without fish meal contain fermented soybean meal (FSM) as a sole protein, FSM with corn gluten (CG), FSM with free amino acid methionine (Meth), FSM with corn gluten and methionine, and unfermented soybean meal. Eighteen glass aquaria, 80-L net volume, were used to stock 10 fingerlings (10.0 ± 0.1 g/fish) in each aquarium in the replicates group. The feed amount was given three times daily, six days a week throughout the 98 days experimental period. Fish were weighed biweekly and feed amounts were adjusted based on the new fish weight. Bacterial fermentation enhanced the protein content of commercial soybean meals by 6%. The crude protein of fermented soybean meal increased from 43.44% to 50.67%. Used of FSM as a sole dietary protein source resulted in a decrease in growth rate and feed utilization. However, the incorporation of FSM with corn gluten, and/or methionine amino acid led to an improvement in the performance of fish. Finally, the best final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and protein productive value were recorded by a fish-fed mixed plant protein diet (FSM + CG + Meth). Also, Hematocrit and red blood cells were not significantly affected including the FSM.
进行了一项饲养试验，以研究含菌发酵豆粕对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用率、胴体组成以及肝脏和肠道血液学及组织学切片的影响。采用固态发酵法对粗蛋白含量为44%的商业豆粕进行发酵，该方法包括对豆粕进行高压灭菌，然后注射细菌处理，最后在40℃下培养72小时，再进行高压灭菌以停止细菌生长。配制了五种等氮（粗蛋白含量25%）和等热量（总能4.4千卡/克）的无鱼粉实验饲料，与一种含鱼粉和未发酵豆粕的普通对照饲料进行比较。无鱼粉饲料分别含有作为唯一蛋白质来源的发酵豆粕（FSM）、含玉米蛋白粉（CG）的FSM、含游离氨基酸蛋氨酸（Meth）的FSM、含玉米蛋白粉和蛋氨酸的FSM以及未发酵豆粕。使用18个净体积为80升的玻璃水族箱，在重复组中每个水族箱放养10尾幼鱼（每尾鱼10.0±0.1克）。在整个98天的试验期内，每周投喂六天，每天投喂三次。每两周对鱼进行称重，并根据鱼的新体重调整饲料量。细菌发酵使商业豆粕的蛋白质含量提高了6%。发酵豆粕的粗蛋白含量从43.44%增加到50.67%。将FSM用作唯一的膳食蛋白质来源会导致生长速率和饲料利用率下降。然而，将FSM与玉米蛋白粉和/或蛋氨酸氨基酸混合使用可提高鱼的生长性能。最后，投喂混合植物蛋白饲料（FSM + CG + Meth）的鱼的最终体重、增重、特定生长率、蛋白质效率比和蛋白质生产价值最佳。此外，血细胞比容和红细胞不受包括FSM在内的显著影响。
