Groscolas R, Jallageas M, Goldsmith A, Assenmacher I
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1986 Apr;62(1):43-53. doi: 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90092-4.
Changes in plasma LH, testosterone, and estrogens were investigated throughout reproduction and molt in free-living male and female emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. In both sexes and species, plasma LH and gonadal steroids were severalfold above basal level at the time of arrival on the breeding grounds, suggesting that environmental cues (especially decreasing daylength in emperors) rather than mating and courting primarily stimulate gonadal development and reproduction. In both species a marked increase in plasma LH (both sexes), testosterone (males), and estrogens (females) corresponded with the time of maximum gonadal size, and peak values were obtained at the time of copulation, i.e., in emperors about 10-15 days prior to egg laying. In females, plasma LH and estrogens dropped to low levels between copulation and egg laying. Similarly, following copulation in males plasma testosterone fell to lower levels that in emperors were maintained during incubation and brooding of the non-thermally emancipated chick. Plasma LH levels followed the same trend as testosterone, falling after copulation and falling further prior to molt. Though lower than at copulation, plasma LH was higher in incubating (males) and brooding (males and females) emperors than during rearing of the thermally emancipated chicks, suggesting that plasma LH might be related to incubating, brooding, and territorial behavior. In male and female emperors and in male adelies, plasma gonadal steroids and LH were at basal levels throughout molt.
在自由生活的帝企鹅（阿德利企鹅属）和阿德利企鹅（阿德利企鹅属）的整个繁殖和换羽过程中，研究了血浆促黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮和雌激素的变化。在这两个物种的两性中，到达繁殖地时血浆LH和性腺类固醇水平比基础水平高出几倍，这表明环境线索（特别是帝企鹅中日照时间的减少）而非交配和求偶行为主要刺激性腺发育和繁殖。在这两个物种中，血浆LH（两性）、睾酮（雄性）和雌激素（雌性）的显著增加与性腺最大尺寸的时间相对应，峰值出现在交配时，即在帝企鹅产卵前约10 - 15天。在雌性中，血浆LH和雌激素在交配和产卵之间降至低水平。同样，在雄性中交配后血浆睾酮降至较低水平，在帝企鹅中，在孵化和育雏非热解放幼雏期间维持该水平。血浆LH水平与睾酮遵循相同趋势，交配后下降，换羽前进一步下降。虽然低于交配时，但孵化期（雄性）和育雏期（雄性和雌性）帝企鹅的血浆LH高于热解放幼雏饲养期，这表明血浆LH可能与孵化、育雏和领地行为有关。在雄性和雌性帝企鹅以及雄性阿德利企鹅中，整个换羽过程中血浆性腺类固醇和LH处于基础水平。
