University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute for Research on Poverty and Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, 1350 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Columbia University, Columbia Business School, 623 Uris, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Econ Hum Biol. 2023 Dec;51:101308. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101308. Epub 2023 Oct 7.
This paper evaluates the effect of Paid Family Leave (PFL) on breastfeeding and immunizations- two critical parental investments in infant health - which we identify using California's 2004 PFL policy that ensured mothers up to six weeks of leave at a 55% wage replacement rate. We employ difference-in-difference and difference-in-difference-in-differences models for a large, representative sample of children (N = 314,532) born between 2000 and 2013 drawn from the restricted-use versions of the 2003-2014 National Immunization Surveys. Our most conservative estimates indicate that access to PFL is associated with at least a 15% increase in breastfeeding exclusively for at least six months. We find substantially large effects for disadvantaged mothers, adding to the existing evidence that access to state-sanctioned paid family leave might benefit children overall and disadvantaged children in particular.
本文评估了带薪家庭假（PFL）对母乳喂养和免疫接种的影响——这是婴儿健康的两个关键父母投资，我们通过加利福尼亚州 2004 年的 PFL 政策来确定这一点，该政策确保母亲在 55%工资替代率下最多休六周的假。我们使用差异中的差异和差异中的差异中的差异模型，对 2000 年至 2013 年间出生的、来自受限使用的 2003 年至 2014 年全国免疫调查的大型代表性儿童样本（N=314532）进行了分析。我们最保守的估计表明，获得 PFL 至少与至少六个月内纯母乳喂养的比例增加 15%有关。我们发现对于处境不利的母亲来说，效果要大得多，这增加了现有证据，即获得国家认可的带薪家庭假可能总体上使儿童受益，特别是处境不利的儿童受益。
