得克萨斯州和北达科他州不同气候条件下的放牧管理对生态系统服务的影响。
Grazing management impacts on ecosystem services under contrasting climatic conditions in Texas and North Dakota.
机构信息
Texas A&M AgriLife Research (Texas A&M University System), P.O. Box 1658, Vernon, TX, 76384, USA; Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Texas A&M AgriLife Research (Texas A&M University System), P.O. Box 1658, Vernon, TX, 76384, USA.
出版信息
J Environ Manage. 2023 Dec 1;347:119213. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119213. Epub 2023 Oct 7.
Grazing management is an important factor affecting the delivery of ecosystem services at the watershed scale. Moreover, characterizing the impacts of climate variation on water resources is essential in managing rangelands. In this study, the effects of alternative grazing management scenarios on provisioning, regulating, and supporting services were assessed in two watersheds with contrasting climates; the Lower Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River (LPDTFR) Watershed in North Texas and the Apple Watershed in South Dakota. The impacts of heavy stocking continuous grazing, light stocking continuous grazing, Adaptive Multi-Paddock (AMP) grazing, and an ungrazed exclosure were compared using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Our results indicate that the quantity of snow and timing of snow melt substantially influenced grazing management effects on ecosystem services in the Apple Watershed. In contrast, precipitation was the main factor influencing these effects in the LPDTFR Watershed because it highly affected the variation in water cycling, streamflow, sediment, and nutrient controls. Simulated results indicated that AMP grazing was the optimal grazing management approach for enhancing water conservation and ecosystem services in both watersheds regardless of climatic conditions. The Apple Watershed, which is a snow-dominated watershed, exhibited greater ecosystem service improvements under AMP grazing (50.6%, 58.7%, 74.4%, 61.5% and 72.6% reduction in surface runoff, streamflow, and sediment, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses, respectively as compared to HC grazing) than the LPDTFR Watershed (46.0%, 22.8%, 34.1%, 18.9% and 38.4% reduction in surface runoff, streamflow, and sediment, TN and TP losses, respectively). Our results suggest that improved grazing management practices enhance ecosystem services and water catchment functions in rangeland-dominated areas, especially in colder climates.
放牧管理是影响流域尺度生态系统服务提供的一个重要因素。此外，描述气候变化对水资源的影响对于管理牧场至关重要。在这项研究中，在两个具有不同气候条件的流域（北德克萨斯州的Lower Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River 流域和南达科他州的 Apple 流域），评估了替代放牧管理方案对供水、调节和支持服务的影响。使用土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）模型比较了重畜连续放牧、轻畜连续放牧、自适应多围场（AMP）放牧和未放牧围场的影响。研究结果表明，积雪量和积雪融化时间对 Apple 流域放牧管理对生态系统服务的影响有很大影响。相比之下，降水是影响 LPDTFR 流域这些影响的主要因素，因为它高度影响水循环、径流量、泥沙和养分控制的变化。模拟结果表明，无论气候条件如何，AMP 放牧都是增强两个流域水资源保护和生态系统服务的最佳放牧管理方法。Apple 流域是一个以雪为主的流域，在 AMP 放牧下表现出更大的生态系统服务改善（与 HC 放牧相比，地表径流、径流量和泥沙、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）流失分别减少 50.6%、58.7%、74.4%、61.5%和 72.6%），而 LPDTFR 流域则减少 46.0%、22.8%、34.1%、18.9%和 38.4%（地表径流、径流量和泥沙、TN 和 TP 流失）。研究结果表明，改进的放牧管理实践可以增强以牧场为主的地区的生态系统服务和集水区功能，特别是在较冷的气候条件下。
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