El-Maraghy Christine M, Saleh Sarah S, Ibrahim Mervat S, El-Naem Omnia A
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City, 11787, Egypt.
Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City, 11787, Egypt.
BMC Chem. 2023 Oct 9;17(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s13065-023-01048-4.
Antibiotics have been detected worldwide in the aquatic environment. Moreover, certain classes of antibiotics have been repurposed for the management of COVID-19, which increased their use and presence in wastewater. Their occurrence even in low concentrations leads to the development of antibiotic resistance.
Magnetite pectin nanoparticles (MPNP) were fabricated and compared to an established model of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP). Our studied adsorbate is levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, commonly used in managing COVID-19 cases.
The influence of various factors affecting the adsorption process was studied, such as pH, the type and concentration of the adsorbent, contact time, and drug concentration. The results illustrated that the optimum adsorption capacity for antibiotic clearance from wastewater using MPNP was at pH 4 with a contact time of 4 h; while using MSNP, it was found to be optimum at pH 7 with a contact time of 12 h at concentrations of 10 µg/mL and 16 g/L of the drug and nanoparticles, respectively, showing adsorption percentages of 96.55% and 98.89%. Drug adsorption equilibrium data obeyed the Sips isotherm model.
HPLC assay method was developed and validated. The experimental results revealed that the MPNP was as efficient as MSNP for removing the antibacterial agent. Moreover, MPNP is eco-friendly (a natural by-product of citrus fruit) and more economic as it could be recovered and reused. The procedure was evaluated according to the greenness assessment tools: AGREE calculator and Hexagon-CALIFICAMET, showing good green scores, ensuring the process's eco-friendliness.
抗生素已在全球水环境中被检测到。此外，某些种类的抗生素已被重新用于治疗新冠肺炎，这增加了它们在废水中的使用和存在量。即使其浓度很低，也会导致抗生素耐药性的产生。
制备了磁铁矿果胶纳米颗粒（MPNP），并与中孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNP）的既定模型进行比较。我们研究的吸附质是左氧氟沙星，一种常用于治疗新冠肺炎病例的氟喹诺酮类抗生素。
研究了影响吸附过程的各种因素，如pH值、吸附剂的类型和浓度、接触时间以及药物浓度。结果表明，使用MPNP从废水中清除抗生素的最佳吸附容量是在pH值为4、接触时间为4小时时；而使用MSNP时，发现在pH值为7、接触时间为12小时时最佳，此时药物和纳米颗粒的浓度分别为10μg/mL和16g/L，吸附率分别为96.55%和98.89%。药物吸附平衡数据符合Sips等温线模型。
开发并验证了高效液相色谱分析方法。实验结果表明，MPNP在去除抗菌剂方面与MSNP一样有效。此外，MPNP是环保型的（柑橘类水果的天然副产品）且更经济，因为它可以回收再利用。根据绿色评估工具AGREE计算器和Hexagon-CALIFICAMET对该方法进行了评估，结果显示绿色得分良好，确保了该过程的环保性。
