Auma Carolyn I, Pradeilles Rebecca, Ohly Heather, Eymard-Duvernay Sabrina, Brizendine Kristian A, Blankenship Jessica, Singhkumarwong Anusara, Goudet Sophie
School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
UMR MoISA (Montpellier Interdisciplinary Centre on Sustainable Agri-Food Systems), (Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD), Montpellier, France.
Matern Child Nutr. 2023 Oct 9:e13543. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13543.
Urban-poor households are disproportionately food insecure. The Status and Determinants of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Poor Urban Settings (SDFU) cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2020-2021 to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on food security and diet quality among urban poor women of reproductive age (WRA) and children under 5 (CU5) in Jakarta, Quezon City, and Yangon. Data, collected on food insecurity and child and maternal diet quality using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI), were compared with prepandemic surveys. Prevalence for food insecurity and diet quality indicators were computed. Eight in 10 households in all three cities reported reduced incomes, with 6 in 10 worried about food the previous year. Over 10% of households in all cities substituted nutrient-dense (ND) foods with cheaper alternatives; yet less than 50% of children 6-59 months ate sugar-sweetened beverages or sweet and savoury snacks. Compared with baseline, women's minimum dietary diversity (MDD) in the three cities was significantly lower (up to 30% lower in Yangon and Jakarta), while the prevalence of children (6-23 months) meeting MDD was lower by 17.4%-42.5% in all cities. MDD was attained by >40% of children (24-59 months) in Yangon and Jakarta but only 12.6% in Quezon City. To improve food security and diet quality, multi-sectoral interventions are needed, including distributing ND foods and cash assistance to vulnerable households with CU5 and WRA and delivering targeted nutrition training to encourage appropriate complementary feeding practices and purchasing and consumption of ND foods.
城市贫困家庭面临粮食不安全问题的比例过高。2020年至2021年开展了城市贫困环境中粮食不安全与营养不良的状况及决定因素（SDFU）横断面调查，以评估新冠疫情对雅加达、奎松市和仰光育龄城市贫困妇女（WRA）及5岁以下儿童（CU5）粮食安全和饮食质量的影响。使用计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）收集的关于粮食不安全以及儿童和孕产妇饮食质量的数据，与疫情前的调查数据进行了比较。计算了粮食不安全和饮食质量指标的患病率。所有三个城市中十分之八的家庭报告收入减少，十分之六的家庭担心上一年的食物问题。所有城市中超过10%的家庭用更便宜的替代品取代了营养丰富（ND）的食物；然而，6至59个月大的儿童中，只有不到50%的人饮用了含糖饮料或甜咸零食。与基线相比，三个城市中妇女的最低饮食多样性（MDD）显著降低（仰光和雅加达降低了30%），而所有城市中达到MDD的儿童（6至23个月）的患病率降低了17.4%至42.5%。仰光和雅加达超过40%的儿童（24至59个月）达到了MDD，但奎松市只有12.6%。为了改善粮食安全和饮食质量，需要采取多部门干预措施，包括向有CU5和WRA的弱势家庭分发营养丰富的食物和现金援助，以及提供有针对性的营养培训，以鼓励适当的辅食喂养做法以及购买和消费营养丰富的食物。
