Choudhary Neetu, Brewis Alexandra
Center for Global Health, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
J Urban Health. 2024 Dec;101(6):1279-1294. doi: 10.1007/s11524-024-00944-x.
According to the Global Food Policy Report 2017, nearly 90% of the projected urban population increase by 2050 is going to be concentrated in Africa and Asia. Parallel evidence suggests that poverty and related challenges of food insecurity and undernutrition are also urbanizing. The dynamics underlying urban nutrition is different from rural ones but also arguably represents a more complex scenario. In this review, we synthesize available evidence on urban nutrition (in)security in the Global South. Although focused on nutrition-centric literature, our review also identifies and discusses studies in the contexts of the broader notion of urban food systems. Articles that analyzed any form of mal/nutrition were eligible for inclusion. One hundred sixty-nine articles were shortlisted based on a systematic search strategy, then expanded through a backward and forward literature survey. Our review identifies key emergent themes from a large body of research on urban food systems, noting that surprisingly few address nutrition directly. Rather, current literature on urban nutrition is scattered and skewed with an overt focus on urban agriculture. Our review reveals that the existing literature with direct nutrition relevance in an urban context can be systematically organized across three themes, i.e., urban agriculture, nutrition transition, and social protection. Noticeably, this literature also draws upon successful interventions having implications for urban nutrition. Finally, the review identifies a few research gaps that hinder a holistic view of urban nutrition. These gaps pertain to gender, equity, water (along with sanitation and hygiene), and local governance.
根据《2017年全球粮食政策报告》，预计到2050年城市人口增长的近90%将集中在非洲和亚洲。相关证据表明，贫困以及粮食不安全和营养不良等相关挑战也在向城市蔓延。城市营养背后的动态机制与农村不同，但可以说也代表了一种更为复杂的情况。在本综述中，我们综合了全球南方城市营养（不）安全方面的现有证据。尽管我们的综述聚焦于以营养为中心的文献，但也识别并讨论了城市粮食系统这一更广泛概念背景下的研究。分析任何形式的营养不良或营养状况的文章均符合纳入标准。基于系统的检索策略筛选出169篇文章，然后通过文献回溯和追踪进行扩充。我们的综述从大量关于城市粮食系统的研究中识别出关键的新出现主题，注意到令人惊讶的是，直接涉及营养的研究很少。相反，当前关于城市营养的文献分散且有偏差，明显过度关注城市农业。我们的综述表明，在城市背景下与营养直接相关的现有文献可以系统地归纳为三个主题，即城市农业、营养转型和社会保护。值得注意的是，这些文献还借鉴了对城市营养有影响的成功干预措施。最后，综述指出了一些阻碍全面理解城市营养的研究空白。这些空白涉及性别、公平、水（以及环境卫生和个人卫生）和地方治理。
