Alnafisah Khaled, Alsaleem Haifa N, Aldakheel Fai N, Alrashidi Areej B, Alayid Reema A, Almuhayzi Hisham N, Alrebdi Yazeed M
Gastroenterology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, SAU.
Medicine and Surgery, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Sep 8;15(9):e44895. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44895. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It carries a risk of annual relapses and multiple intense flares, which require lifelong treatment and, sometimes, surgical interventions. This affects patients negatively in various aspects of their functioning, and they are left with an increased risk of disturbed quality of life and mental illnesses. Aim This study is carried out to describe the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression symptoms among adult patients with IBD at King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, and to examine the relationship between mental illness and disease activity. Patient and methods This cross-sectional descriptive study targets adult patients with IBD attending a gastroenterology clinic and medical day care unit. A self-administered questionnaire was given to patients with the help of an IBD nurse. The questionnaire includes the patient's demographic data (i.e., age, gender, etc.), symptoms and treatment patterns, the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) questionnaire to measure anxiety, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depression. Results Among the 179 IBD patients, 60.9% were males, and 40.8% were in the age group of 25-35 years. CD was the most prevalent IBD (73.2%). Perineal CD was detected in 45%. The prevalence of patients who were positive for anxiety symptoms was 17.3%, while the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.6%. The independent risk factor for anxiety was female gender, while the independent risk factor for depression was extraintestinal manifestation. The preventive factor for depression was treatment with IV medication. Conclusion Almost one-fifth of IBD patients were considered to have either anxiety or depression. Female gender was a risk factor for anxiety while extraintestinal manifestation of IBD was a risk factor for depression. Interestingly, treatment with IV medication was found to be the protective factor for depression. More investigations are warranted to give more insights regarding the prevalence and risk factors of psychological disorders among patients with IBD in our region.
背景 炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）。该病存在年度复发和多次严重发作的风险，需要终身治疗，有时还需要手术干预。这在多个功能方面对患者产生负面影响，导致他们生活质量受扰和患精神疾病的风险增加。目的 本研究旨在描述沙特阿拉伯卡西姆法赫德国王专科医院成年IBD患者焦虑和抑郁症状的患病率及危险因素，并探讨精神疾病与疾病活动之间的关系。患者与方法 这项横断面描述性研究的对象是在胃肠病科门诊和医疗日间护理单元就诊的成年IBD患者。在IBD护士的协助下，向患者发放一份自行填写的问卷。问卷包括患者的人口统计学数据（如年龄、性别等）、症状和治疗模式、用于测量焦虑的广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）问卷以及用于测量抑郁的患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）。结果 在179例IBD患者中，60.9%为男性，40.8%年龄在25 - 35岁之间。CD是最常见的IBD类型（73.2%）。45%的患者检测出会阴型CD。焦虑症状阳性患者的患病率为17.3%，而抑郁症状的患病率为19.6%。焦虑的独立危险因素是女性性别，而抑郁的独立危险因素是肠外表现。抑郁的预防因素是静脉用药治疗。结论 近五分之一的IBD患者被认为患有焦虑或抑郁。女性性别是焦虑的危险因素，而IBD的肠外表现是抑郁的危险因素。有趣的是，静脉用药治疗被发现是抑郁的保护因素。有必要进行更多调查，以深入了解我们地区IBD患者心理障碍的患病率和危险因素。
