School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2024;25(1):36-40. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2265002. Epub 2023 Nov 30.
Although second-generation antihistamines have reduced sedation-related side effects compared to first-generation antihistamines, sedation may still impair motor vehicle driving performance. Moreover, receiving/making phone calls using a hands-free function can negatively affect driving performance. Therefore, herein, driving performance was evaluated using a driving simulator to gain insights into the hazards of driving by combining second-generation antihistamines and a calling task, i.e., simulated calls using a hands-free function.
In this study, 20 subjects drove in a driving simulator in the absence or presence of a calling task while taking or not taking second-generation antihistamines. Driving performances for nonemergency and emergency events were determined, and a comparative analysis of intra-individual variability when taking and not taking second-generation antihistamines was conducted.
First, when nonemergency and emergency were examined in the absence of a calling task, no significant difference in driving performance was observed between taking and not taking second-generation antihistamines. Next, when the nonemergency event was examined in the presence of a calling task, no significant difference in driving performance was observed between taking and not taking second-generation antihistamines. However, when the emergency event was examined in the presence of a calling task, a significant difference in driving performance was observed between taking and not taking second-generation antihistamines, thus resulting in reduced driving performance.
The new system with added calling tasks allowed the extraction of the potential risks of driving performance of second-generation antihistamines that may have been previously overlooked. This study suggests that pharmacists and other healthcare professionals may need to instruct people taking any second-generation antihistamine to focus on driving and not on subtasks that require cognitive load such as talking while driving.
与第一代抗组胺药相比，第二代抗组胺药减少了与镇静相关的副作用，但镇静仍可能损害机动车驾驶性能。此外，使用免提功能接打电话可能会对驾驶性能产生负面影响。因此，在此，通过使用驾驶模拟器评估驾驶性能，将第二代抗组胺药与通话任务相结合，即使用免提功能进行模拟通话，从而深入了解驾驶的危险。
在这项研究中，20 名受试者在服用或不服用第二代抗组胺药的情况下，在驾驶模拟器中进行无呼叫任务或有呼叫任务的驾驶。确定了非紧急和紧急情况下的驾驶性能，并对服用和不服用第二代抗组胺药时个体内变异性进行了比较分析。
首先，在无呼叫任务时检查非紧急和紧急情况时，服用和不服用第二代抗组胺药之间的驾驶性能没有显著差异。其次，在有呼叫任务时检查非紧急事件时，服用和不服用第二代抗组胺药之间的驾驶性能没有显著差异。然而，当在有呼叫任务的情况下检查紧急事件时，服用和不服用第二代抗组胺药之间的驾驶性能存在显著差异，从而导致驾驶性能下降。
添加呼叫任务的新系统允许提取可能被忽视的第二代抗组胺药对驾驶性能的潜在风险。本研究表明，药剂师和其他医疗保健专业人员可能需要指示服用任何第二代抗组胺药的人专注于驾驶，而不是专注于需要认知负荷的子任务，例如边开车边打电话。
