College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, China.
Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, Daqing, China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2024 Feb;104(3):1572-1582. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.13038. Epub 2023 Nov 15.
Leakage of graphene into the environment has resulted from its increasing use. Although the impact of graphene on ecosystems is already in full swing, information regarding its impact on plants is lacking. In particular, the effects of graphene on plant growth and development vary, and basic information on the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism is missing. In the current study, the way in which graphene (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 g kg ) affects maize seedlings was studied in terms of morphological and biochemical indicators. The purpose of this study was to understand better how graphene regulates plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism and to understand its interactions with leaf structure and plant growth.
The results showed that 50 g kg graphene increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry weight; however, this was inhibited by the high level of graphene (200 g kg ). Further studies indicated that different concentrations of graphene could increase leaf thickness and vascular bundle area as well as the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves; 25 and 50 g kg graphene enhanced the leaves stomatal conductance (Cond), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide (Ci), and chlorophyll content. Higher concentrations decreased the above indicators. At 50 g kg , graphene increased the activity of carbon/nitrogen metabolism enzymes by increasing carbon metabolites (fructose, sucrose, and soluble sugars) and soluble proteins (nitrogen metabolites). These enzymes included sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT).
These results indicate that graphene can regulate the activities of key enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism effectively and supplement nitrogen metabolism through substances produced by carbon metabolism by improving photosynthetic efficiency, thus maintaining the balance between carbon and nitrogen and promoting plant growth and development. The relationship between these indexes explained the mechanism by which graphene supported the growth of maize seedlings by enhancing photosynthetic carbon metabolism and maintaining metabolic balance. For maize seedling growth, graphene treatment with 50 g kg soil is recommended. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
由于石墨烯的使用日益增加，其已泄露到环境中。尽管石墨烯对生态系统的影响已经全面展开，但关于其对植物影响的信息却缺乏。特别是，石墨烯对植物生长和发育的影响各不相同，并且缺乏关于碳氮代谢调控的基本信息。在本研究中，研究了石墨烯（0、25、50、100 和 200 g kg）对玉米幼苗的影响，从形态和生化指标方面进行了研究。本研究的目的是更好地了解石墨烯如何调节植物的碳氮代谢，以及了解其与叶片结构和植物生长的相互作用。
结果表明，50 g kg石墨烯增加了株高、茎径、叶面积和干重；然而，高浓度石墨烯（200 g kg）则抑制了这种增加。进一步的研究表明，不同浓度的石墨烯可以增加叶片厚度和维管束面积以及叶片的净光合速率（Pn）；25 和 50 g kg石墨烯增强了叶片的气孔导度（Cond）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间二氧化碳（Ci）和叶绿素含量。较高浓度则降低了上述指标。在 50 g kg石墨烯时，通过增加碳代谢产物（果糖、蔗糖和可溶性糖）和可溶性蛋白（氮代谢产物），提高了碳氮代谢酶的活性。这些酶包括蔗糖合酶（SS）、蔗糖磷酸合酶（SPS）、硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）。
这些结果表明，石墨烯可以有效地调节与碳氮代谢相关的关键酶的活性，并通过碳代谢产生的物质补充氮代谢，提高光合效率，从而维持碳氮平衡，促进植物的生长和发育。这些指标之间的关系解释了石墨烯通过增强光合碳代谢和维持代谢平衡来支持玉米幼苗生长的机制。对于玉米幼苗的生长，建议在土壤中用 50 g kg石墨烯处理。 © 2023 化学工业协会。
