School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China.
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2023 Oct;203:108051. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108051. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
The use of various chemical substances to control pests, diseases, and weeds in the field is a necessary part of the agricultural development process in every country. While the application of pesticides can improve the quality and yield of crops, plant resistance and the harm caused by pesticide residues to the environment and humans have led to the search for greener and safer pesticide formulations to improve the current situation. In recent years, nanopesticides (NPts) have shown great potential in agriculture due to their high efficiency, low toxicity, targeting, resistance, and controlled slow release demonstrated in the experimental stage. Commonly used approaches to prepare NPts include the use of nanoscale metal materials as active ingredients (AI) (ingredients that can play a role in insecticide, sterilization and weeding) or the construction of carriers based on commonly used pesticides to make them stable in nano-sized form. This paper systematically summarizes the advantages and effects of NPts over conventional pesticides, analyzes the formation and functions of NPts in terms of structure, AI, and additives, and describes the mechanism of action of NPts. Despite the feasibility of NPts use, there is not enough comprehensive research on NPts, which must be supplemented by more experiments in terms of biotoxicology and ecological effects to provide strong support for NPts application.
在各国的农业发展进程中，利用各种化学物质来控制田间的害虫、疾病和杂草是必要的环节。虽然使用农药可以提高作物的质量和产量，但植物的抗药性以及农药残留对环境和人类造成的危害，促使人们寻求更环保、更安全的农药制剂来改善现状。近年来，由于纳米农药（NPts）在实验阶段表现出高效、低毒、靶向、抗药性和控制缓慢释放等特点，在农业领域显示出巨大的潜力。制备 NPts 的常用方法包括使用纳米级金属材料作为活性成分（AI）（能够在杀虫剂、杀菌和除草方面发挥作用的成分）或构建基于常用农药的载体，使它们以纳米级形式稳定。本文系统总结了 NPts 相对于传统农药的优势和效果，从结构、AI 和添加剂等方面分析了 NPts 的形成和功能，并描述了 NPts 的作用机制。尽管 NPts 的使用具有可行性，但对 NPts 的综合研究还不够充分，必须在生物毒性和生态效应方面进行更多的实验，为 NPts 的应用提供有力支持。
