Victoria J, Tripathi Sneha, Prakash Ved, Tiwari Kavita, Mahra Shivani, Sharma Adwithiya, Rana Shweta, Kandhol Nidhi, Sahi Shivendra, Tripathi Durgesh Kumar, Sharma Shivesh
Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024 Jan;206:108225. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108225. Epub 2023 Dec 2.
The increased global food insecurity due to the growing population can be addressed with precision and sustainable agricultural practices. To tackle the issues regarding food insecurity, farmers used different agrochemicals that improved plant growth and protection. Among these agrochemicals, synthetic pesticides used for plant protection in the agricultural field have various disadvantages. Conventional applications of synthetic pesticides have drawbacks such as rapid degradation, poor solubility, and non-target effects, as well as increased pesticide runoff that pollutes the environment. Nanotechnology has evolved as a potential solution to increase agricultural productivity through the development of different nanoforms of agrochemicals such as nanopesticides, nano-fabricated fertilizers, nanocapsules, nanospheres, nanogels, nanofibers, nanomicelles, and nano-based growth promoters. Encapsulation of these pesticides inside the nanomaterials has provided good biocompatibility over conventional application by inhibiting the early degradation of active ingredients (AI), increasing the uptake and adhesion of pesticides, improving the stability, solubility, and permeability of the pesticides, and decreasing the environmental impacts due to the pesticide runoff. In this review, different nanoforms of encapsulated pesticides and their smart delivery systems; nanocarriers in RNA interference (RNAi) based pesticides; environmental fate, practical implications, management of nanopesticides; and future perspectives are discussed.
全球人口增长导致粮食不安全加剧，可通过精准且可持续的农业实践来解决这一问题。为解决粮食不安全问题，农民使用了不同的农用化学品，这些化学品促进了植物生长并提供了保护。在这些农用化学品中，用于农业领域植物保护的合成农药存在诸多缺点。合成农药的传统应用存在诸如快速降解、溶解性差、非靶标效应等问题，以及农药径流增加对环境造成污染的问题。纳米技术已发展成为一种潜在的解决方案，可通过开发不同的农用化学品纳米形式来提高农业生产力，例如纳米农药、纳米制造肥料、纳米胶囊、纳米球、纳米凝胶、纳米纤维、纳米胶束和纳米基生长促进剂。将这些农药封装在纳米材料内部，与传统应用相比具有良好的生物相容性，它能抑制活性成分（AI）的早期降解，增加农药的吸收和附着力，提高农药的稳定性、溶解性和渗透性，并减少农药径流对环境的影响。在本综述中，将讨论不同纳米形式的封装农药及其智能递送系统；基于RNA干扰（RNAi）的农药中的纳米载体；纳米农药的环境归宿、实际意义、管理；以及未来展望。
