Palmer Samiza B, Spiller Henry A, Kistamgari Sandhya, Casavant Marcel J, Rine Natalie I, Yang Jingzhen, Zhu Motao, Smith Gary A
Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Inj Epidemiol. 2023 Oct 12;10(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s40621-023-00461-6.
Hydrocarbon-based products have many household and commercial uses and exposure to these substances is common. Severe clinical effects can occur if these products are ingested. This study investigated the characteristics and trends of hydrocarbon ingestions reported to United States Poison Centers.
Data from the National Poison Data System were analyzed for cases of hydrocarbon ingestion among individuals < 20 years old reported to United States Poison Centers from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2021.
There were 284,085 hydrocarbon ingestions reported during the 22-year study period in which a hydrocarbon was the first-ranked substance. Most of these cases occurred among children < 6 years old (83.2%), males (64.6%), at a residence (96.5%), were single-substance exposures (98.3%), and were managed on-site rather than in a health care facility (74.9%). However, 4.5% of cases were associated with a serious medical outcome, including 34 deaths. Thirty-two deaths were among children < 6 years old and most were associated with aspiration. Gasolines accounted for 24.6% of total cases, followed by lubricating oils and/or motor oils (19.9%), other types of hydrocarbons (14.9%), lamp oils (11.3%), and lighter fluids and/or naphtha (10.3%). The rate of hydrocarbon ingestions among United States youth < 20 years old decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) by 66.5% from 2000 to 2021. The greatest rate decrease was observed among lamp oils (- 78.4%, p < 0.0001), followed by gasolines (- 75.9%, p < 0.0001).
Although the rate of hydrocarbon ingestions decreased during the study period and most reported cases resulted in non-serious outcomes, the number of cases remains high with a non-trivial minority (4.5%) of cases associated with a serious medical outcome, including death. Most deaths were among children < 6 years old. This underscores the need to increase primary prevention efforts, especially for young children.
碳氢化合物基产品有许多家庭和商业用途，人们经常接触这些物质。如果摄入这些产品，可能会产生严重的临床后果。本研究调查了向美国毒物控制中心报告的碳氢化合物摄入事件的特征和趋势。
分析了国家毒物数据系统中2000年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间向美国毒物控制中心报告的20岁以下个体碳氢化合物摄入病例的数据。
在为期22年的研究期间，共报告了284,085例以碳氢化合物为首要物质的摄入事件。这些病例大多发生在6岁以下儿童（83.2%）、男性（64.6%）、家中（96.5%），为单一物质暴露（98.3%），且在现场而非医疗机构处理（74.9%）。然而，4.5%的病例出现了严重的医疗后果，包括34例死亡。32例死亡发生在6岁以下儿童中，大多数与误吸有关。汽油占总病例的24.6%，其次是润滑油和/或机油（19.9%）、其他类型的碳氢化合物（14.9%）、灯油（11.3%）以及打火机液体和/或石脑油（10.3%）。2000年至2021年期间，美国20岁以下青少年的碳氢化合物摄入率显著下降（p<0.0001），降幅达66.5%。灯油的降幅最大（-78.4%，p<0.0001），其次是汽油（-75.9%，p<0.0001）。
尽管在研究期间碳氢化合物摄入率有所下降，且大多数报告病例的结果并不严重，但病例数量仍然很高，有相当一部分少数病例（4.5%）出现了严重的医疗后果，包括死亡。大多数死亡发生在6岁以下儿童中。这凸显了加强一级预防措施的必要性，尤其是针对幼儿。
