Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, Brno, Czechia.
Institute of History, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, Praha 9, Czechia.
Med Hist. 2023 Oct;67(4):285-306. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2023.28. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
Reproductive health in state socialism is usually viewed as an area in which the broader contexts of women's lives were disregarded. Focusing on expert efforts to reduce premature births, we show that the social aspects of women's lives received the most attention. In contrast to typical descriptions emphasising technological medicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation, we show that expertise in early socialism was concerned with socio-medical causes of prematurity, particularly work and marriage. The interest in physical work in the 1950s evolved towards a focus on psychological factors in the 1960s and on broader socio-economic conditions in the 1970s. Experts highlighted marital happiness as conducive to healthy birth and considered unwed women more prone to prematurity. By the 1980s, social factors had faded from interest in favour of a bio-medicalised view. Our findings are based on a rigorous comparative analysis of medical journals from Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and East Germany.
国家社会主义下的生殖健康通常被视为一个忽视女性生活更广泛背景的领域。本文聚焦于专家为减少早产所做的努力，结果表明女性生活的社会方面受到了最多关注。与典型描述强调技术医学化和药物化不同，我们发现早期社会主义的专业知识关注的是早产的社会医学原因，特别是工作和婚姻。20 世纪 50 年代对体力劳动的关注在 20 世纪 60 年代转向了对心理因素的关注，而在 20 世纪 70 年代则关注更广泛的社会经济条件。专家们强调婚姻幸福有助于健康分娩，并认为未婚女性更容易早产。到 20 世纪 80 年代，社会因素已经从人们的关注中消失，转而关注生物医学化的观点。我们的研究结果基于对匈牙利、波兰、捷克斯洛伐克和东德医学期刊的严格比较分析。
