The Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0131 Tbilisi, Georgia.
Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Academy of Science of Georgia, 10 km Agmashenebeli kheivani, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia; Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2023;25(10):1-21. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049836.
The main goal of the present study was the exploration of the antifungal properties of Agaricomycetes mushrooms. Among twenty-three tested mushrooms against A. niger, B. cinerea, F. oxysporum, and G. bidwellii, Schizophyllum commune demonstrated highest inhibition rates and showed 35.7%, 6.5%, 50.4%, and 66.0% of growth inhibition, respectively. To reveal culture conditions enhancing the antifungal potential of Sch. commune, several carbon (lignocellulosic substrates among them) and nitrogen sources and their optimal concentrations were investigated. Presence of 6% mandarin juice production waste (MJPW) and 6% of peptone in nutrient medium promoted antifungal activity of selected mushroom. It was determined that, extracts obtained in the presence of MJPW effectively inhibited the grow of pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the content of phenolic compounds in the extracts obtained from Sch. commune grown on MJPW was several times higher (0.87 ± 0.05 GAE/g to 2.38 ± 0.08 GAE/g) than the extracts obtained from the mushroom grown on the synthetic (glycerol contained) nutrient medium (0.21 ± 0.03 GAE/g to 0.88 ± 0.05 GAE/g). Flavonoid contents in the extracts from Sch. commune varied from 0.58 ± 0.03 to 27.2 ± 0.8 mg QE/g. Identification of phenolic compounds composition in water and ethanol extracts were provided by mass spectrometry analysis. Extracts demonstrate considerable free radical scavenging activities and the IC50 values were generally low for the extracts, ranging from 1.9 mg/ml to 6.7 mg/ml. All the samples displayed a positive correlation between their concentration (0.05-15.0 mg/ml) and DPPH radical scavenging activity. This investigation revealed that Sch. commune mushroom has great potential to be used as a source of antifungal and antioxidant substances.
本研究的主要目的是探索蘑菇的抗真菌特性。在 23 种测试蘑菇中，对黑曲霉、灰葡萄孢、尖孢镰刀菌和胶孢炭疽菌的抑制率最高，分别为 35.7%、6.5%、50.4%和 66.0%。为了揭示增强 Schizophyllum commune 抗真菌潜力的培养条件，研究了几种碳（包括木质纤维素底物）和氮源及其最佳浓度。在营养培养基中添加 6%的蜜饯橙皮生产废物（MJPW）和 6%的蛋白胨促进了所选蘑菇的抗真菌活性。结果表明，在 MJPW 存在下获得的提取物有效地抑制了致病真菌的生长。此外，在 MJPW 上生长的 Sch. commune 提取的酚类化合物含量比在合成（含有甘油）营养培养基上生长的 Sch. commune 提取的酚类化合物含量高几倍（0.87±0.05 GAE/g 至 2.38±0.08 GAE/g）。Sch. commune 提取的黄酮类化合物含量在 0.58±0.03 至 27.2±0.8 mg QE/g 之间变化。通过质谱分析提供了 Sch. commune 水和乙醇提取物中酚类化合物组成的鉴定。提取物表现出相当大的自由基清除活性，IC50 值通常较低，范围从 1.9mg/ml 到 6.7mg/ml。所有样品在浓度（0.05-15.0mg/ml）和 DPPH 自由基清除活性之间均表现出正相关。本研究表明，Sch. commune 蘑菇具有作为抗真菌和抗氧化物质来源的巨大潜力。
