Cicero Ilenia, Mirabile Giulia, Venturella Giuseppe
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61 (c/o Palazzo Steri), 90133 Palermo, Italy.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 Jan 10;11(1):54. doi: 10.3390/jof11010054.
Owing to their nutritional, culinary, and nutraceutical, mushrooms are worldwide consumed and appreciated. Moreover, many of these mushrooms are also known as medicinal mushrooms since they possess several pharmacological properties attributable to a huge number of bioactive compounds derived from their sporophores. Several studies are available in the literature about in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of actions of such bioactive compounds. Most of these surveys are focused on macrofungi belonging to the genera , , or specific taxa such as , , , , , and . On the other hand, there is a lack of information on the under investigated ecological group of freshwater fungi. These fungi play a very important role in freshwater environments and some of them, belonging to Basidiomycota, are also edible and largely consumed. In this review we collected information about the medicinal properties of freshwater macro- and micromycetes. Among them, macrofungi, such as , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and , observed in riparian habitat, and microfungi, such as , , and , isolated from aquatic plants, have been reported to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunomoludatory, hypoglycaemic, and other pharmaceutical activities. Such fungal species are noteworthy since they represent an important quote of biodiversity to preserve their fundamental ecological role and a possible solution for different health problems for humans and animal farms.
由于其营养、烹饪和营养保健价值，蘑菇在全球范围内被食用和喜爱。此外，许多这类蘑菇也被称为药用蘑菇，因为它们具有多种药理特性，这归因于其孢子体衍生的大量生物活性化合物。文献中有几项关于此类生物活性化合物体外和体内作用机制的研究。这些调查大多集中在属于 、 或特定分类群如 、 、 、 、 和 的大型真菌上。另一方面，关于研究较少的淡水真菌生态群体的信息却很缺乏。这些真菌在淡水环境中发挥着非常重要的作用，其中一些属于担子菌门的真菌也是可食用的且被大量消费。在这篇综述中，我们收集了关于淡水大型真菌和小型真菌药用特性的信息。其中，在河岸栖息地观察到的大型真菌，如 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 ，以及从水生植物中分离出的小型真菌，如 、 和 ，据报道具有抗菌、抗癌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、免疫调节、降血糖和其他药理活性。这类真菌物种值得关注，因为它们代表了生物多样性的重要组成部分，以维护其基本的生态作用，并可能为人类和动物养殖场的不同健康问题提供解决方案。
