Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Norte, Campus Caborca, 83600 H. Caborca, Sonora, México.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2023;25(10):65-76. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049938.
Ganoderma species have been used in folk medicine against different illnesses and are characterized by producing a diversity of bioactive metabolites (triterpenoids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenols) with numerous medicinal effects (anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial). This work aims to evaluate ethanolic extracts of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma oerstedii, G. weberianum, and G. subincrustatum strains from the Sonoran Desert in the anti-proliferative activity by the MTT assay on cancer cell lines; anti-inflammatory effect by quantifying nitric oxide (NO) production; antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays; total phenolic and flavonoid content by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 method, respectively; antibacterial activity by the broth microdilution method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts showed anti-proliferative activity with IC50 < 100 µg/mL on the cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, and HeLa, except G. subincrustatum extract with an IC50 > 100 µg/mL; anti-proliferative activity was not selective, being affected non-cancerous cell line ARPE-19. Extracts showed significant inhibition of NO release in cells stimulated by LPS, up to 60% with G. subincrustatum and G. oerstedii, and 47% with G. weberianum. All tested assays showed moderate antioxidant potential; the most active was G. lucium (control strain) with IC50 of 69 and 30 µg/mL by DPPH and ABTS respectively; and 271 µg Trolox equivalents/g by FRAP. Total phenols and flavonoids ranged from 38 to 56 mg GAE/g and 0.53 to 0.93 mg QE/g, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the antioxidant activities revealed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP with total phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial activity was weak against S. aureus (MIC50 > 10 mg/mL). These results demonstrate that tested Ganoderma mushrooms have medicinal potential such as anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative.
灵芝属物种在民间医学中被用于治疗各种疾病，其特点是产生多种具有多种药用功效（抗增殖、抗氧化、抗炎和抗菌）的生物活性代谢物（三萜类、多糖、类黄酮和酚类）。本工作旨在评估来自索诺兰沙漠的灵芝、灵芝和灵芝菌株的子实体的醇提物在 MTT 测定法对癌细胞系的抗增殖活性；通过定量测定一氧化氮（NO）产生来评估抗炎作用；通过 DPPH、ABTS 和 FRAP 测定法评估抗氧化活性；通过福林-氯仿法和 AlCl3 法分别测定总酚和类黄酮含量；通过肉汤微量稀释法测定对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性。提取物对 MDA-MB-231、A549 和 HeLa 癌细胞系的 IC50<100µg/mL 表现出抗增殖活性，除灵芝提取物的 IC50>100µg/mL 外；抗增殖活性没有选择性，非癌细胞系 ARPE-19 也受到影响。提取物对 LPS 刺激的细胞中 NO 释放有显著抑制作用，灵芝和灵芝提取物可达 60%，灵芝提取物可达 47%。所有测试的测定方法均显示出中等的抗氧化潜力；最活跃的是灵芝（对照菌株），其 DPPH 和 ABTS 的 IC50 分别为 69 和 30µg/mL；FRAP 的 Trolox 当量/g 为 271µg。总酚和类黄酮含量范围分别为 38 至 56mgGAE/g 和 0.53 至 0.93mgQE/g。通过 DPPH、ABTS 和 FRAP 测定法揭示的抗氧化活性与总酚和类黄酮含量之间存在显著相关性。对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性较弱（MIC50>10mg/mL）。这些结果表明，所测试的灵芝蘑菇具有抗炎和抗增殖等药用潜力。
