Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Cells. 2023 Oct 9;12(19):2421. doi: 10.3390/cells12192421.
Respiratory diseases represent a significant economic and health burden worldwide, affecting millions of individuals each year in both human and animal populations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene expression regulation and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Exosomal miRNAs and cellular miRNAs have been identified as key regulators of several immune respiratory diseases, such as chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) caused by (MG), pneumonia (MMP) caused by the bacterium , coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Consequently, miRNAs seem to have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the functional roles of miRNAs in the above several respiratory diseases and discuss the potential use of miRNAs as stable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for several immune respiratory diseases, focusing on the identification of differentially expressed miRNAs and their targeting of various signaling pathways implicated in disease pathogenesis. Despite the progress made, unanswered questions and future research directions are discussed to facilitate personalized and targeted therapies for patients with these debilitating conditions.
呼吸道疾病是全球范围内一个重大的经济和健康负担，每年在人类和动物群体中都会影响数百万人。微小 RNA（miRNA）在基因表达调控中发挥着关键作用，参与了多种生理和病理过程。外泌体 miRNA 和细胞 miRNA 已被确定为多种免疫性呼吸道疾病的关键调节因子，如由 （MG）引起的慢性呼吸道疾病（CRD）、由 细菌引起的 肺炎（MMP）、2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘和急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ALI/ARDS）。因此，miRNA 似乎有可能作为呼吸道疾病的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 miRNA 在上述几种呼吸道疾病中的功能作用的现有认识，并讨论了 miRNA 作为几种免疫性呼吸道疾病的稳定诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜在用途，重点是鉴定差异表达的 miRNA 及其对疾病发病机制中涉及的各种信号通路的靶向作用。尽管已经取得了进展，但仍存在一些未解决的问题和未来的研究方向，旨在为这些衰弱性疾病患者提供个性化和靶向治疗。
