Soccio Piera, Moriondo Giorgia, Lacedonia Donato, Tondo Pasquale, Quarato Carla Maria Irene, Foschino Barbaro Maria Pia, Scioscia Giulia
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2022 Oct 5;12(10):1544. doi: 10.3390/life12101544.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and sleep disorders are chronic respiratory diseases that affect the airways, compromising lung function over time. These diseases affect hundreds of millions of people around the world and their frequency seems to be increasing every year. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small-sized vesicles released by every cell in the body. They are present in most body fluids and contain various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, mRNA and non-coding RNA (micro-RNA). The EVs can release their cargo, specifically micro-RNAs (miRNAs), to both neighboring and/or distal cells, playing a fundamental role in cell-cell communication. Recent studies have shown their possible role in the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases. The expression of miRNAs and, in particular, of miRNAs contained within the extracellular vesicles seems to be a good starting point in order to identify new potential biomarkers of disease, allowing a non-invasive clinical diagnosis. In this review we summarize some studies, present in the literature, about the functions of extracellular vesicles and miRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles in chronic respiratory diseases and we discuss the potential clinical applications of EVs and EVs-miRNAs for their possible use such as future biomarkers.
特发性肺纤维化（IPF）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘和睡眠障碍是影响气道的慢性呼吸道疾病，随着时间的推移会损害肺功能。这些疾病影响着全球数亿人，而且其发病率似乎每年都在上升。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是体内每个细胞释放的小囊泡。它们存在于大多数体液中，包含各种生物分子，包括蛋白质、脂质、信使核糖核酸（mRNA）和非编码核糖核酸（微小核糖核酸）。细胞外囊泡可以将其货物，特别是微小核糖核酸（miRNAs）释放到邻近和/或远处的细胞中，在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。最近的研究表明它们在各种慢性呼吸道疾病的发病机制中可能发挥的作用。微小核糖核酸的表达，尤其是细胞外囊泡中所含微小核糖核酸的表达，似乎是识别新的潜在疾病生物标志物的一个良好起点，有助于进行非侵入性临床诊断。在这篇综述中，我们总结了文献中关于细胞外囊泡及其所含微小核糖核酸在慢性呼吸道疾病中的功能的一些研究，并讨论了细胞外囊泡和细胞外囊泡微小核糖核酸作为未来生物标志物可能的临床应用。
