Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Dec;193:107334. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107334. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
Disparities in injury tolerance and kinematic response remain understudied despite field data highlighting sex-based differences in injury risk. Furthermore, the automotive industry anticipates occupants will prefer reclined seating in highly automated vehicles. This study aimed to compare thoracolumbar spine kinematics and injuries between mid-size female and male post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) in reclined frontal impacts. Seven adult PMHS (three female, four male) were tested in reclined (50°) 50 km/h frontal impacts. The PMHS were seated on a semi-rigid seat and restrained by a prototype three-point seat belt system designed to mitigate submarining. The 3-D motions of five vertebrae and the pelvis were measured by an optical motion tracking system. Pressure transducers were inserted into intervertebral discs at three locations along the lumbar spine to track timing of lumbar vertebra fractures. Due to variations in the geometry of the pelvis and soft tissue surrounding the pelvis compared to the male subjects, the female subjects could not be positioned in the seat the same as the males, and, as a result, the females and their belt anchors needed to be translated forward in the seat to maintain similar belt geometry relative to the males. The females exhibited similar pre-test spinal curvatures and kinematics to the males. An L1 fracture was observed in one of three female subjects and two of four male subjects, and timing of these fractures were both similar (61 ∼ 65 ms) and close to the time of peak downward seat force. Generally, the female and male subjects exhibited similar kinematic and injury responses in this reclined frontal impact sled test condition.
尽管现场数据突出了性别差异与受伤风险之间的关系，但受伤耐受力和运动学反应的差异仍然研究不足。此外，汽车行业预计乘客在高度自动化的车辆中会更喜欢斜躺式座椅。本研究旨在比较中型女性和男性尸体人体模型（PMHS）在斜躺式正面碰撞中的胸腰椎运动学和损伤。7 名成年 PMHS（3 名女性，4 名男性）在斜躺（50°）50km/h 的正面碰撞中进行了测试。PMHS 坐在半刚性座椅上，并通过设计用于减轻潜艇下沉的原型三点式安全带系统进行约束。五个椎体和骨盆的 3D 运动通过光学运动跟踪系统进行测量。在三个位置插入椎间盘内的压力传感器，以跟踪腰椎骨折的时间。由于骨盆的几何形状和骨盆周围的软组织与男性受试者相比存在差异，因此女性受试者无法像男性那样在座椅上定位，因此，女性及其安全带锚点需要在座椅中向前平移，以保持相对于男性的类似安全带几何形状。女性的脊柱曲率和运动学与男性相似。在三名女性受试者中有一名发生了 L1 骨折，四名男性受试者中有两名发生了 L1 骨折，这些骨折的时间都相似（61∼65ms），并且接近座椅向下力的峰值时间。通常，女性和男性受试者在这种斜躺式正面冲击滑橇测试条件下表现出相似的运动学和损伤反应。
