Rezaee Delsuz, Saadatpour Fatemeh, Akbari Nayyereh, Zoghi Anahita, Najafi Sajad, Beyranvand Parisa, Zamani-Rarani Fahimeh, Rashidi Mohammad Amin, Bagheri-Mohammadi Saeid, Bakhtiari Mohammad
School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Dec;92:102090. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102090. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to play substantial roles in regulating the development and various physiologic functions of the central nervous system (CNS). These include neurogenesis, cell fate and differentiation, morphogenesis, formation of dendrites, and targeting non-neural mRNAs. Notably, deregulation of an increasing number of miRNAs is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and CNS tumors. They are particularly known to affect the amyloid β (Aβ) cleavage and accumulation, tau protein homeostasis, and expression of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), Parkin, PINK1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. These include miR-16, miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-106a, miR-106b, miR-15a, miR-15b, miR-103, miR-107, miR-298, miR-328, miR-195, miR-485, and miR-29. In CNS tumors, several miRNAs, including miR-31, miR-16, and miR-21 have been identified to modulate tumorigenesis through impacting tumor invasion and apoptosis. In this review article, we have a look at the recent advances on our knowledge about the role of miRNAs in human brain development and functions, neurodegenerative diseases, and their clinical potentials.
微小RNA（miRNA）被认为在调节中枢神经系统（CNS）的发育和各种生理功能中发挥着重要作用。这些作用包括神经发生、细胞命运和分化、形态发生、树突形成以及靶向非神经mRNA。值得注意的是，越来越多的miRNA失调与几种神经退行性疾病相关，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和中枢神经系统肿瘤。尤其已知它们会影响淀粉样β（Aβ）的切割和积累、tau蛋白稳态以及α-突触核蛋白（α-syn）、帕金蛋白、PINK1和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的表达，这些在神经退行性疾病的发病机制中起关键作用。这些miRNA包括miR-16、miR-17-5p、miR-20a、miR-106a、miR-106b、miR-15a、miR-15b、miR-103、miR-107、miR-298、miR-328、miR-195、miR-485和miR-29。在中枢神经系统肿瘤中，已鉴定出几种miRNA，包括miR-31、miR-16和miR-21，它们通过影响肿瘤侵袭和凋亡来调节肿瘤发生。在这篇综述文章中，我们将探讨关于miRNA在人类大脑发育和功能、神经退行性疾病及其临床潜力方面作用的最新研究进展。
