Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Cell Death Dis. 2023 Oct 13;14(10):679. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06211-2.
Cancer immunotherapy has transformed traditional treatments, with immune checkpoint blockade being particularly prominent. However, immunotherapy has minimal benefit for patients in most types of cancer and is largely ineffective in some cancers (such as pancreatic cancer and glioma). A synergistic anti-tumor response may be produced through the combined application with traditional tumor treatment methods. Radiotherapy (RT) not only kills tumor cells but also triggers the pro-inflammatory molecules' release and immune cell infiltration, which remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, the combination of RT and immunotherapy is expected to achieve improved efficacy. In this review, we summarize the effects of RT on cellular components of the TME, including T cell receptor repertoires, different T cell subsets, metabolism, tumor-associated macrophages and other myeloid cells (dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils and eosinophils). Meanwhile, non-cellular components such as lactate and extracellular vesicles are also elaborated. In addition, we discuss the impact of different RT modalities on tumor immunity and issues related to the clinical practice of combination therapy.
癌症免疫疗法已经改变了传统的治疗方法，免疫检查点阻断尤其突出。然而，免疫疗法对大多数类型癌症的患者益处甚微，在某些癌症（如胰腺癌和神经胶质瘤）中基本上无效。通过与传统肿瘤治疗方法联合应用，可以产生协同的抗肿瘤反应。放射治疗（RT）不仅可以杀死肿瘤细胞，还可以触发促炎分子的释放和免疫细胞浸润，从而重塑肿瘤微环境（TME）。因此，预计 RT 和免疫疗法的联合应用将提高疗效。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 RT 对 TME 中细胞成分的影响，包括 T 细胞受体谱、不同的 T 细胞亚群、代谢、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞和其他髓样细胞（树突状细胞、髓源性抑制细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）。同时，还阐述了非细胞成分，如乳酸盐和细胞外囊泡。此外，我们还讨论了不同 RT 模式对肿瘤免疫的影响以及联合治疗的临床实践相关问题。
