Department of Physiology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg August University Göttingen, Zappenburg 2, D-38524 Sassenburg, Germany.
Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 26;24(19):14533. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914533.
The master molecular regulators and mechanisms determining longevity and health span include nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals (SOR). L-arginine, the NO synthase (NOS) substrate, can restore a healthy ratio between the dangerous SOR and the protective NO radical to promote healthy aging. Antioxidant supplementation orchestrates protection against oxidative stress and damage-L-arginine and antioxidants such as vitamin C increase NO production and bioavailability. Uncoupling of NO generation with the appearance of SOR can be induced by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). L-arginine can displace ADMA from the site of NO formation if sufficient amounts of the amino acid are available. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acids can scavenge SOR and increase the bioavailability of NO. The topics of this review are the complex interactions of antioxidant agents with L-arginine, which determine NO bioactivity and protection against age-related degeneration.
决定寿命和健康跨度的主要分子调节剂和机制包括一氧化氮（NO）和超氧阴离子自由基（SOR）。NO 合酶（NOS）的底物 L-精氨酸可以恢复危险的 SOR 和保护性的 NO 自由基之间的健康比例，从而促进健康衰老。抗氧化剂补充剂可以调节对氧化应激和损伤的保护作用——L-精氨酸和抗氧化剂，如维生素 C，可以增加 NO 的产生和生物利用度。不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）的出现会导致 NO 生成与 SOR 的解偶联。如果有足够数量的氨基酸，L-精氨酸可以将 ADMA 从 NO 形成的部位置换出来。抗氧化剂，如抗坏血酸，可以清除 SOR 并增加 NO 的生物利用度。本综述的主题是抗氧化剂与 L-精氨酸的复杂相互作用，这些相互作用决定了 NO 的生物活性和对与年龄相关的退化的保护作用。
