Kgoele Mpho, Rammopo Modikwe, Oguntibeju Oluwafemi O
Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Oct 2;20(19):6877. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20196877.
Condoms have been and are still an important part of HIV preventative measures worldwide, and many countries have designed programmes that encourage their use. Consistent and correct condom use among HIV-positive individuals is important in preventing multiple infections. Hence, the uptake and determining factors associated with condom use were investigated in this study. This study was aimed at determining the level of, and factors associated with, condom use among HIV-positive postnatal women in primary health care facilities in Tshwane sub-district 1, Gauteng Province, South Africa. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 326 HIV-positive postnatal women aged between 15 and 50 years who were conveniently selected and voluntarily participated in the study. A self-developed pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on level of condom use and factors associated with its use from the selected participants. Statistical tests of correlation were then used to determine the association between frequency of condom use during sexual encounter and condom use at last sexual encounter with the independent variables. Regular condom use during sexual encounters was reported by 63.2% of the participants while 83% of the participants reported using a condom at their last sexual encounter. Frequency of condom use during sexual encounter was found to be associated with employment status ( < 0.05), residence ( < 0.001), number of children ( < 0.05), first HIV diagnosis ( < 0.05) and disclosure of HIV status to partner ( < 0.05). Condom use at last sexual encounter was also found to have a significant statistical association with level of education ( < 0.05) and the ability to negotiate condom use ( < 0.001). A good proportion of the participants used condoms regularly. Interventions to improve condom use among this population should focus on female empowerment by investing in their education, and economic empowerment to improve their economic status, which, in turn, would help the women to better negotiate condom use. The other factors mentioned above should also be considered when developing health education policies and programmes about condom use amongst HIV-positive postnatal women.
避孕套一直是且仍然是全球预防艾滋病病毒措施的重要组成部分，许多国家都制定了鼓励使用避孕套的计划。艾滋病毒呈阳性的个体持续且正确地使用避孕套对于预防多重感染很重要。因此，本研究对避孕套的使用情况及其相关决定因素进行了调查。本研究旨在确定南非豪登省茨瓦内1区初级卫生保健机构中艾滋病毒呈阳性的产后妇女使用避孕套的水平及其相关因素。对326名年龄在15至50岁之间、方便选取且自愿参与研究的艾滋病毒呈阳性的产后妇女进行了描述性横断面研究。使用一份自行编制并经过预测试的问卷，从选定的参与者那里收集关于避孕套使用水平及其相关因素的数据。然后使用相关性统计测试来确定性接触期间避孕套使用频率与上次性接触时避孕套使用情况与自变量之间的关联。63.2%的参与者报告在性接触期间经常使用避孕套，而83%的参与者报告在最近一次性接触时使用了避孕套。发现性接触期间避孕套使用频率与就业状况（<0.05）、居住情况（<0.001）、子女数量（<0.05）、首次艾滋病毒诊断（<0.05）以及向伴侣披露艾滋病毒感染状况（<0.05）有关。还发现上次性接触时使用避孕套与教育程度（<0.05）以及协商使用避孕套的能力（<0.001）存在显著的统计学关联。相当一部分参与者经常使用避孕套。针对这一人群改善避孕套使用情况的干预措施应侧重于通过投资教育来增强女性权能，并通过经济赋权来提高她们的经济地位，这反过来将有助于女性更好地协商使用避孕套。在制定关于艾滋病毒呈阳性的产后妇女使用避孕套的健康教育政策和计划时，也应考虑上述其他因素。
