Fuente-Ballesteros Adrián, Brugnerotto Patricia, Nguyen Vinh Dinh, Costa Ana C O, Bernal José, Ares Ana M
Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), I.U. CINQUIMA, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC, Brazil.
Foods. 2023 Sep 28;12(19):3612. doi: 10.3390/foods12193612.
Pesticides can easily enter the food chain, harming bee populations and ecosystems. Exposure of beehive products to various contaminants has been identified as one of the factors contributing to the decline in bee populations, and multiple food alerts have been reported. Despite this fact, royal jelly, a valuable bee product with nutritional and functional properties, has received less attention in this context. Pesticide residues of different chemical class can contaminate royal jelly when foraging bees collect pollen or nectar from pesticide-treated flowers, or in some cases, due to its frequent and inappropriate use in the treatment of mites in beehives. To monitor this issue and also make it more reliable, it is crucial to develop effective sample preparation methods for extracting pesticides from royal jelly for subsequent analysis. In this context, this review provides information about sample preparation methods (solid-phase extraction, solvent extraction, and QuEChERS-quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) and analytical methods that have been validated or improved to extract and analyze pesticides, respectively, in royal jelly samples of different origins. Finally, future perspectives are discussed. With this background, we aim to provide data that can guide future research related to this topic.
农药很容易进入食物链，危害蜜蜂种群和生态系统。蜂箱产品接触各种污染物已被确定为导致蜜蜂种群数量下降的因素之一，并且已经报告了多起食品警报。尽管如此，蜂王浆作为一种具有营养和功能特性的珍贵蜂产品，在这方面受到的关注较少。当觅食的蜜蜂从经过农药处理的花朵中采集花粉或花蜜时，或者在某些情况下，由于在蜂箱中频繁且不恰当地使用农药来治疗螨虫，不同化学类别的农药残留会污染蜂王浆。为了监测这个问题并使其更可靠，开发有效的样品制备方法以从蜂王浆中提取农药用于后续分析至关重要。在此背景下，本综述提供了有关样品制备方法（固相萃取、溶剂萃取和QuEChERS——快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用且安全）以及分别用于在不同来源的蜂王浆样品中提取和分析农药的已验证或改进的分析方法的信息。最后，讨论了未来的展望。基于此背景，我们旨在提供能够指导与该主题相关的未来研究的数据。
