Gene and Protein Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Its Significance.

BACKGROUND

The inappropriate action of WNT4 and estrogens affects uterine homeostasis and function, and may lead to endometrial cancer (EC).

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to evaluate the alterations of gene expression and WNT4 protein immunoreactivity (Ir) in EC, considering tumor characteristics, the clinicopathological association and estrogen dependence.

METHODS

mRNA levels were compared between benign (control) endometrium ( = 8) and endometroid EC (EEC) and non-endometroid EC (non-EEC) samples ( = 28) using the real-time PCR technique. The WNT4-Ir and ERα-Ir were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). mRNA gene and WNT4-Ir were correlated with clinicopathological and blood morphological parameters. Overall survival (OS) was assessed. The bioanalysis was utilized to study WNT4 expression in large patient cohort ( = 549).

RESULTS

gene expression was decreased in EC samples (specifically in EEC but not in non-EEC) compared to the control. The gene expression was also decreased in EC samples categorized by the tumor characteristics. There was no statistical difference in WNT4-Ir or ERα-Ir between the control and EC. There was no correlation between OS and gene expression and WNT4-Ir. Bioanalysis showed that and gene expression alterations tended to be mutually exclusive. An alteration in expression was found in different histological tumor types in a large group of EC patients.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a great need to evaluate the molecular background of EC. Our study suggests that the gene has the potential to be a marker of functional estrogen signaling in EEC.