Ding Hongyao, Liu Jie, Shen Xiaodong, Li Hui
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Oct 5;15(19):4001. doi: 10.3390/polym15194001.
The rapid development of tough conductive hydrogels has led to considerable progress in the fields of tissue engineering, soft robots, flexible electronics, etc. Compared to other kinds of traditional sensing materials, tough conductive hydrogels have advantages in flexibility, stretchability and biocompatibility due to their biological structures. Numerous hydrogel flexible sensors have been developed based on specific demands for practical applications. This review focuses on tough conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors. Representative tactics to construct tough hydrogels and strategies to fulfill conductivity, which are of significance to fabricating tough conductive hydrogels, are briefly reviewed. Then, diverse tough conductive hydrogels are presented and discussed. Additionally, recent advancements in flexible sensors assembled with different tough conductive hydrogels as well as various designed structures and their sensing performances are demonstrated in detail. Applications, including the wearable skins, bionic muscles and robotic systems of these hydrogel-based flexible sensors with resistive and capacitive modes are discussed. Some perspectives on tough conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors are also stated at the end. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of tough conductive hydrogels and will offer clues to researchers who have interests in pursuing flexible sensors.
坚韧导电水凝胶的快速发展在组织工程、软体机器人、柔性电子等领域取得了显著进展。与其他传统传感材料相比，坚韧导电水凝胶因其生物结构在柔韧性、拉伸性和生物相容性方面具有优势。基于实际应用的特定需求，已经开发了许多水凝胶柔性传感器。本综述聚焦于用于柔性传感器的坚韧导电水凝胶。简要回顾了构建坚韧水凝胶的代表性策略以及实现导电性的策略，这些对制备坚韧导电水凝胶具有重要意义。然后，介绍并讨论了各种坚韧导电水凝胶。此外，还详细展示了用不同坚韧导电水凝胶组装的柔性传感器的最新进展以及各种设计结构及其传感性能。讨论了这些基于水凝胶的柔性传感器在电阻和电容模式下的应用，包括可穿戴皮肤、仿生肌肉和机器人系统。最后还阐述了关于用于柔性传感器的坚韧导电水凝胶的一些观点。本综述将提供对坚韧导电水凝胶的全面理解，并为对柔性传感器感兴趣的研究人员提供线索。
