Pelin George, Pelin Cristina Elisabeta, Stefan Adriana, Tsakiris Violeta, Panait Alexandra Ana Maria, Costea Emil
INCAS-National Institute for Aerospace Research "Elie Carafoli", B-dul Iuliu Maniu 220, 061126 Bucharest, Romania.
National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering, 313 Splaiul Unirii, District 3, 030138 Bucharest, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Oct 7;15(19):4016. doi: 10.3390/polym15194016.
Two classes of thermal protection systems composed of a carbon-fibre-reinforced (CFRP) layer and an ablative material layer joined with a thermo-resistant ceramic adhesive were developed. The two classes differ in the composition of the ablative material reinforcing compound. In the first class, the ablative material is based on micronic-sized cork granules, and in the second class, the ablative material is reinforced with carbonic felt. For both classes of thermal protection systems, the reinforcement material was impregnated in simple phenolic resin, and nanometric additive, consisting of silicon carbide nanoparticles added in two different weight contents (1 and 2% by weight) relative to the resin. The thermal conductivity for the ablative materials in the thermal protection systems structure was determined. A test facility using oxy-butane flame was developed through which the thermal protection systems developed were tested at extreme temperatures, to simulate some thermal conditions in space applications. The materials were characterised from a morphostructural point of view using optical and scanning electron microscopy after thermal testing. The TPS composed of the carbon-felt-based ablative layer showed improved behaviour compared to the cork-based ablative ones in terms of the temperature increase rate during thermal conductivity testing, mass loss, as well as morphostructural appearance and material erosion after oxy-butane testing. The nSiC-based samples in both sets of TPSs showed improved behaviour compared to the un-filled ones, considering the temperature increase, mass loss, and morphostructure of the eroded material.
开发了两类热防护系统，它们由碳纤维增强（CFRP）层和通过耐热陶瓷粘合剂连接的烧蚀材料层组成。这两类热防护系统的区别在于烧蚀材料增强化合物的组成。在第一类中，烧蚀材料基于微米级软木颗粒，在第二类中，烧蚀材料用碳毡增强。对于这两类热防护系统，增强材料都浸渍在简单的酚醛树脂中，以及相对于树脂以两种不同重量含量（1重量%和2重量%）添加的由碳化硅纳米颗粒组成的纳米添加剂。测定了热防护系统结构中烧蚀材料的热导率。开发了一种使用氧 - 丁烷火焰的测试设备，通过该设备对所开发的热防护系统在极端温度下进行测试，以模拟空间应用中的一些热条件。热测试后，使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜从形态结构的角度对材料进行了表征。在热导率测试期间的升温速率、质量损失以及氧 - 丁烷测试后的形态结构外观和材料侵蚀方面，由碳毡基烧蚀层组成的热防护系统相比软木基烧蚀层表现出更好的性能。考虑到升温、质量损失以及侵蚀材料的形态结构，两组热防护系统中基于nSiC的样品相比未填充的样品表现出更好的性能。
