von Heijne G
J Mol Biol. 1986 May 5;189(1):239-42. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90394-3.
A comparative study of three kinds of eukaryotic N-terminal topogenic sequences, viz signal peptides, N-terminal transmembrane anchors, and mitochondrial targeting sequences, suggests: that the sign of the N-terminal charge might influence the orientation of an N-terminal hydrophobic segment relative to the membrane and give rise to N-terminally anchored proteins with their main mass exposed either on the cytosolic or extra-cytosolic side of the membrane; and that N-terminal transmembrane segments in mitochondrial targeting sequences have a relatively low overall hydrophobicity, probably in order to avoid being recognized by the endoplasmic reticulum export machinery.
对三种真核生物N端拓扑序列（即信号肽、N端跨膜锚定序列和线粒体靶向序列）的比较研究表明：N端电荷的正负可能影响N端疏水片段相对于膜的方向，从而产生N端锚定蛋白，其主要质量暴露在膜的胞质侧或胞外侧；线粒体靶向序列中的N端跨膜片段总体疏水性相对较低，这可能是为了避免被内质网输出机制识别。
