Murali Anjana, Sojati Jorna, Levochkina Marina, Pressimone Catherine, Griffith Kobi, Fan Erica, Dakroub Allie
School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Community Health Equity Res Policy. 2024 Jul;44(4):439-451. doi: 10.1177/2752535X231205665. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
Influenza (flu) and COVID-19 vaccination rates are subpar across the US, especially in racial and/or socioeconomic minority groups who are understudied in public health literature.
The objective of this mixed-methods study was to elucidate attitudes of patients at the Turtle Creek Primary Care Center, a clinic that cares for ∼70% non-white patients, towards flu and COVID-19 vaccines, with the goal of establishing vaccine education gaps and increasing vaccine uptake in minority communities.
DESIGN/PATIENTS: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis. Authors completed 123 patient phone surveys of patients cared for at the Turtle Creek clinic inquiring about flu and COVID-19 infection status and vaccination uptake (August 26-October 10, 2021).
APPROACH/KEY RESULTS: We found that rates of vaccination were subpar in the Turtle Creek community, with only 54% having received the COVID-19 vaccine and only 44% receiving the flu vaccine regularly. There was a strong association between COVID-19 and flu vaccine acceptance and a notable correlation between vaccine acceptance and age. When assessing how vaccine acceptance was influenced by trusted sources of information, those who cited trusting "medical professionals" and "word of mouth" had higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance but those who cited trusting "social media" had decreased odds of acceptance. Finally, we uncovered 14 common factors for either vaccine acceptance or refusal that clustered into four overarching themes of trust, need, safety, and availability.
These data highlight the necessity of improved vaccine education and reveal targetable populations and approaches for disseminating vaccine information.
在美国，流感和新冠疫苗的接种率未达标准，尤其是在公共卫生文献中研究较少的种族和/或社会经济少数群体中。
这项混合方法研究的目的是阐明海龟溪初级保健中心（一家为约70%非白人患者提供护理的诊所）患者对流感和新冠疫苗的态度，目标是找出疫苗教育方面的差距，并提高少数族裔社区的疫苗接种率。
设计/患者：本研究采用横断面分析方法。作者对海龟溪诊所护理的患者进行了123次电话调查，询问流感和新冠感染状况以及疫苗接种情况（2021年8月26日至10月10日）。
方法/主要结果：我们发现海龟溪社区的疫苗接种率未达标准，只有54%的人接种了新冠疫苗，只有44%的人定期接种流感疫苗。新冠疫苗和流感疫苗的接受度之间存在很强的关联，疫苗接受度与年龄之间存在显著相关性。在评估疫苗接受度如何受到可靠信息来源的影响时，那些表示信任“医疗专业人员”和“口碑”的人接受新冠疫苗的几率更高，但那些表示信任“社交媒体”的人接受疫苗的几率较低。最后，我们发现了14个影响疫苗接受或拒绝的常见因素，这些因素可归纳为信任、需求、安全性和可及性四个总体主题。
这些数据凸显了加强疫苗教育的必要性，并揭示了可针对的人群以及传播疫苗信息的方法。
