Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
Deparment of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Prev Sci. 2024 Jan;25(1):137-154. doi: 10.1007/s11121-023-01594-2. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
This systematic review critically evaluates 21 grandparent-focused prevention programs designed to benefit grandparent caregivers or target grandparent caregivers as agents of change for grandchild development. These grandparent programs were published in 35 peer-reviewed articles in the last 31 years. For each program, we described the phase of development of program (i.e., feasibility, pilot, and efficacy), delivery characteristics, and adaptations of existing evidence-based programs to meet the needs of grandparent caregivers in diverse sociocultural backgrounds. For programs tested under a controlled trial design, we evaluated core components and preliminary effects on targeted outcomes. Most studies targeted grandparents who served as primary or custodial caregivers in the USA, while limited studies targeted supplementary grandparent caregivers. Thirteen programs which were evaluated using pretest-posttest designs demonstrated feasibility and acceptability of the grandparent programs. Moreover, eight programs which were evaluated using randomized-controlled trials (RCTs; 5 pilot and 3 full-scale efficacy trials) demonstrated promising outcomes. Additionally, we identified six core components and 17 specific elements in eight programs evaluated using RCT designs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive critique of this body of literature as well as directions for future studies, including the need to develop programing tailored to grandparent caregivers with unique needs.
本系统评价批判性地评估了 21 项以祖父母为重点的预防计划，这些计划旨在使祖父母照顾者受益或使他们成为改变孙辈发展的推动者。这些祖父母计划在过去 31 年的 35 篇同行评审文章中发表。对于每个计划，我们描述了计划的发展阶段（即可行性、试点和功效）、交付特征以及对现有循证计划的改编，以满足不同社会文化背景下祖父母照顾者的需求。对于在对照试验设计下进行测试的计划，我们评估了针对目标结果的核心要素和初步效果。大多数研究针对在美国担任主要或监护照顾者的祖父母，而有限的研究针对补充祖父母照顾者。使用预测试后测试设计评估的 13 个计划展示了祖父母计划的可行性和可接受性。此外，使用随机对照试验 (RCT; 5 个试点和 3 个全面功效试验) 评估的 8 个计划显示出了有希望的结果。此外，我们在使用 RCT 设计评估的 8 个计划中确定了六个核心要素和 17 个特定要素。总的来说，我们对这一文献进行了全面评价，并为未来的研究提供了方向，包括制定针对具有独特需求的祖父母照顾者的计划的必要性。
