World Wildlife Fund, Terrestrial Ecosystems Program, Zitacuaro, Mich., Mexico.
Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2023 Dec;60:101112. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101112. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
Each fall, millions of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) travel from Canada and the United States to overwinter in Mexico and California. In 2022, the IUCN listed migratory monarchs as endangered because of their population decline. The main accepted drivers are widespread use of herbicides, effects of climate, and land use change that causes habitat loss. We analyzed the main actions taken to officially protect the overwintering sites and the migration phenomenon with the establishment of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in 2000. The conservation of the monarch overwintering sites in Mexico is an example of continuous work from their discovery to the present. We highlight the importance of monitoring the areas covered by overwintering monarchs in Mexico. These colonies represent the largest concentrations of monarch populations in the world. In the last 10 years, the average area covered by monarchs was 2.72 ( ± 0.47 SE) hectares.
每年秋天，数以百万计的黑脉金斑蝶（Danaus plexippus L.）从加拿大和美国迁徙到墨西哥和加利福尼亚州过冬。2022 年，由于其数量下降，IUCN 将迁徙的黑脉金斑蝶列为濒危物种。主要公认的驱动因素是除草剂的广泛使用、气候的影响以及导致栖息地丧失的土地利用变化。我们分析了自 2000 年建立帝王蝶生物圈保护区以来，为保护越冬地和迁徙现象而采取的主要行动。墨西哥对帝王蝶越冬地的保护是从发现到现在持续不断工作的一个例子。我们强调了监测墨西哥越冬帝王蝶覆盖区域的重要性。这些殖民地代表了世界上最大的帝王蝶种群集中地。在过去的 10 年中，帝王蝶覆盖的平均面积为 2.72（±0.47 SE）公顷。
