Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,151 Yanjiang Rd., Guangzhou, 510120, China.
Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Toxicon. 2023 Nov;235:107317. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107317. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
Patients envenomed by snakes from the Viperidae and Elapidae families in China often have varying degrees of local tissue necrosis. Due to the relative clinical characteristics of local tissue necrosis and ulceration following envenoming, this study has analyzed the proteome of six snake venoms from the Viperidae and Elapidae family, and the toxin profiles of each snake were compared and correlated with the clinical manifestations that follow cytotoxic envenoming. Deinagkistrodon acutus and Naja atra envenomation induce severe ulceration, which is absent in Bungarus multicinctus envenomation and mild in the other three vipers. It is interesting to note that the proportion of c-type lectins (CTL) (20.63%) in Deinagkistrodon acutus venom was relatively high, which differs from the venom of other vipers. In addition, three-fingered toxin (3FTx) (2.15%) is present in the venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus, but has not been detected in the remaining three vipers. Snake venom metalloprotease (SVMP) (34.4%-44.7%), phospholipase A (PLA) (9.81%-40.83%), and snake venom serine protease (SVSP) (9.44%-16.2%) represent the most abundant families of toxin in Viperidae venom. The Elapidae venom proteome was mainly composed of neurotoxins and cytotoxins, including 3FTx (39.28%-60.08%) and PLA (8.24%-58.95%) toxins, however, the proportion of CRISPS (26.36%) in Naja atra venom was relatively higher compared to Bungarus multicinctus venom. Significant differences in SVMP, SVSP, and 3FTx expression levels exist between the Viperidae and the Elapidae family. The main toxins responsible for the development of tissue necrosis and ulcerations following Viperidae envenoming are hematotoxins (SVSMP, SVSP) and myotoxins (PLA). Deinagkistrodon acutus venom contains high levels of CTL and traces of 3FTx, leading to more severe local necrosis. However, Naja atra venom can also cause severe local necrosis through the effects of myotoxin (3FTx, CRISP, PLA). Bungarus multicinctus venom does not contain myotoxins, resulting in pure systemic neurological manifestations no obvious necrosis of local tissue in patients.
在中国，被蝰科和眼镜蛇科蛇类咬伤的患者常出现不同程度的局部组织坏死。由于局部组织坏死和溃疡的临床特征相对相似，本研究分析了来自蝰科和眼镜蛇科的六种蛇毒的蛋白质组，并比较了每种蛇的毒素特征，将其与细胞毒性蛇伤后的临床表现相关联。尖吻蝮和舟山眼镜蛇的蛇伤会引起严重的溃疡，而金环蛇和银环蛇的蛇伤则没有，而其他三种蝮蛇的蛇伤则较轻。有趣的是，尖吻蝮蛇毒中的 C 型凝集素（CTL）（20.63%）比例相对较高，与其他蝮蛇的蛇毒不同。此外，三指毒素（3FTx）（2.15%）存在于尖吻蝮蛇毒中，但在其余三种蝮蛇中未检测到。蛇毒金属蛋白酶（SVMP）（34.4%-44.7%）、磷脂酶 A（PLA）（9.81%-40.83%）和蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶（SVSP）（9.44%-16.2%）是蝰科蛇毒中最丰富的毒素家族。眼镜蛇科蛇毒蛋白质组主要由神经毒素和细胞毒素组成，包括 3FTx（39.28%-60.08%）和 PLA（8.24%-58.95%）毒素，但舟山眼镜蛇蛇毒中的 CRISPS（26.36%）比例相对高于金环蛇蛇毒。SVMP、SVSP 和 3FTx 表达水平在蝰科和眼镜蛇科之间存在显著差异。引起蝰科蛇伤后组织坏死和溃疡形成的主要毒素是血毒素（SVSMP、SVSP）和肌毒素（PLA）。尖吻蝮蛇毒含有高水平的 CTL 和微量的 3FTx，导致更严重的局部坏死。然而，舟山眼镜蛇蛇毒也可以通过肌毒素（3FTx、CRISP、PLA）引起严重的局部坏死。金环蛇蛇毒不含肌毒素，因此患者仅表现出纯系统神经症状，无明显局部组织坏死。
