Zaidi Waqar H
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan.
Br J Hist Sci. 2023 Dec;56(4):503-517. doi: 10.1017/S0007087423000377.
This paper examines the contest between Canadian American industrialist Cyrus Eaton and the Pugwash scientists' leadership for influence over the early Pugwash scientists' conferences. Eaton's activism has generally been dismissed in the historical literature as ineffective, naive and too uncritical of the Soviet Union. This paper argues that he was genuinely committed to international peace and security, that Eaton shared with Pugwash scientists a belief in the importance of intellectuals to global unity, and that he worked to bring about greater international peace and understanding through both his personal activism and his own conferences held in the town of Pugwash. Eaton, however, favoured a broader push for peace, which included participation by a wider range of intellectuals and a call for rapprochement with the Soviet Union. These differences between Eaton and the Pugwash scientists, I argue, were more than simply about approach: they represented different internationalist visions and manifested in different conceptualizations for the Pugwash scientists' conferences. Eaton hoped to incorporate non-scientists and humanism into the conferences, and integrate them into his own broader conference programme at his Thinkers' Lodge at Pugwash. The scientists, however, wanted to keep their conferences as distinctly scientists' events, tied to science and its authority.
本文考察了加拿大裔美国实业家赛勒斯·伊顿与帕格沃什科学家群体的领导层之间，为影响早期帕格沃什科学家会议所展开的较量。在历史文献中，伊顿的行动主义通常被认为是无效的、幼稚的，且对苏联缺乏批判性。本文认为，他真诚地致力于国际和平与安全，他与帕格沃什科学家们一样，坚信知识分子对全球团结的重要性，并且他通过个人行动主义以及在帕格沃什镇举办的自身会议，努力促进更大范围的国际和平与理解。然而，伊顿主张更广泛地推动和平，这包括让更广泛的知识分子参与进来，并呼吁与苏联和解。我认为，伊顿与帕格沃什科学家之间的这些差异，不仅仅是方法上的不同：它们代表了不同的国际主义愿景，并在对帕格沃什科学家会议的不同概念化中得以体现。伊顿希望将非科学家和人文主义纳入会议，并将它们融入到他在帕格沃什思想家寓所开展的更广泛的会议项目中。然而，科学家们希望将他们的会议保持为纯粹的科学家活动，与科学及其权威性紧密相连。
