Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Dent Mater. 2023 Dec;39(12):1122-1136. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.005. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed denture base resin incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), subjected to a physical ageing process.
Acrylic denture base samples were prepared by a Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing technique reinforced with different concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of silanated TiO NPs. The resulting nanocomposite materials were characterized in terms of degree of conversion (DC), and sorption/solubility flexural strength, impact strength, Vickers hardness and Martens hardness and compared with unmodified resin and conventional heat-cured (HC) material. The nanocomposites were reassessed after subjecting them to ageing in artificial saliva. A fractured surface was studied under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The addition of TiO NPs into 3D-printed resin significantly improved flexural strength/modulus, impact strength, Vickers hardness, and DC, while also slightly enhancing Martens hardness compared to the unmodified resin. Sorption values did not show any improvements, while solubility was reduced significantly. The addition of 0.10 wt% NPs provided the highest performance amongst the other concentrations, and 0.75 wt% NPs showed the lowest. Although ageing degraded the materials' performance to a certain extent, the trends remained the same. SEM images showed a homogenous distribution of the NPs at lower concentrations (0.10 and 0.25 wt%) but revealed agglomeration of the NPs with the higher concentrations (0.50 and 0.75 wt%).
The outcomes of this study suggested that the incorporation of TiO NPs (0.10 wt%) into 3D-printed denture base material showed superior performance compared to the unmodified 3D-printed resin even after ageing in artificial saliva. The nanocomposite has the potential to extend service life of denture bases in future clinical use.
评价掺入 TiO2 纳米颗粒（NPs）的三维（3D）打印义齿基托树脂的物理和力学性能，该树脂经历了物理老化过程。
采用立体光固化（SLA）3D 打印技术制备丙烯酸酯义齿基托样本，该技术通过添加不同浓度（0.10、0.25、0.50 和 0.75）的硅烷化 TiO2 NPs 进行增强。根据转化率（DC）、吸附/溶胀、弯曲强度、冲击强度、维氏硬度和马尔文硬度对所得纳米复合材料进行了特性描述，并与未改性树脂和常规热固性（HC）材料进行了比较。将纳米复合材料在人工唾液中进行老化处理后，重新进行评估。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对断裂表面进行了研究。
与未改性树脂相比，将 TiO2 NPs 添加到 3D 打印树脂中可显著提高弯曲强度/模量、冲击强度、维氏硬度和 DC，同时略微提高马氏硬度。对吸附值没有任何改善，而溶解度则显著降低。与其他浓度相比，添加 0.10wt% NPs 可提供最高的性能，而添加 0.75wt% NPs 则可提供最低的性能。尽管老化在一定程度上降低了材料的性能，但趋势保持不变。SEM 图像显示，在较低浓度（0.10 和 0.25wt%）下 NPs 呈均匀分布，但在较高浓度（0.50 和 0.75wt%）下则显示出 NPs 的团聚。
本研究结果表明，与未改性的 3D 打印树脂相比，即使在人工唾液中老化后，将 TiO2 NPs（0.10wt%）掺入 3D 打印义齿基托材料中仍表现出优异的性能。该纳米复合材料有可能在未来的临床应用中延长义齿基托的使用寿命。
