Bechtold Laura, Cosper Samuel H, Malyshevskaya Anastasia, Montefinese Maria, Morucci Piermatteo, Niccolai Valentina, Repetto Claudia, Zappa Ana, Shtyrov Yury
Institute for Experimental Psychology, Department for Biological Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Germany.
J Cogn. 2023 Oct 10;6(1):61. doi: 10.5334/joc.237. eCollection 2023.
According to embodied theories (including embodied, embedded, extended, enacted, situated, and grounded approaches to cognition), language representation is intrinsically linked to our interactions with the world around us, which is reflected in specific brain signatures during language processing and learning. Moving on from the original rivalry of embodied vs. amodal theories, this consensus paper addresses a series of carefully selected questions that aim at determining and rather than motor and perceptual processes are involved in language processes. We cover a wide range of research areas, from the neurophysiological signatures of embodied semantics, e.g., event-related potentials and fields as well as neural oscillations, to semantic processing and semantic priming effects on concrete and abstract words, to first and second language learning and, finally, the use of virtual reality for examining embodied semantics. Our common aim is to better understand the role of motor and perceptual processes in language representation as indexed by language comprehension and learning. We come to the consensus that, based on seminal research conducted in the field, future directions now call for enhancing the external validity of findings by acknowledging the multimodality, multidimensionality, flexibility and idiosyncrasy of embodied and situated language and semantic processes.
根据具身理论（包括具身认知、嵌入式认知、扩展认知、生成认知、情境认知和基于扎根理论的认知方法），语言表征与我们和周围世界的互动有着内在联系，这在语言处理和学习过程中的特定脑电信号中得以体现。在摆脱了具身理论与非模态理论最初的对立之后，这篇共识论文探讨了一系列精心挑选的问题，旨在确定语言过程中涉及的是运动和感知过程，而非其他。我们涵盖了广泛的研究领域，从具身语义学的神经生理信号，如事件相关电位和场以及神经振荡，到语义处理以及对具体和抽象词汇的语义启动效应，再到第一语言和第二语言学习，最后是利用虚拟现实来研究具身语义学。我们的共同目标是更好地理解运动和感知过程在以语言理解和学习为指标的语言表征中的作用。基于该领域的开创性研究，我们达成共识，未来的研究方向要求通过承认具身和情境化语言及语义过程的多模态、多维度、灵活性和独特性来提高研究结果的外部效度。
