Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
The University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 16;18(10):e0293040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293040. eCollection 2023.
To examine the contribution of variation in sex hormone excretion to mood and behavioral changes in adolescent females and males.
Prospective, longitudinal observational cohort study.
Participants were 342 volunteers aged 10-12 years living in rural Australia. Urinary estradiol and testosterone levels measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were obtained at three-month intervals for three years. Integrated measures (area-under-curve) of urinary steroid excretion summarised as absolute and variability during each 12-month period of the study. Psychosocial data were gathered annually with the primary outcome of depressive symptomatology. Secondary outcomes were the other subscales of the Youth Self-Report, impulsive-aggression, sleep habits, and self-harm.
277 (158 male) participants contributed data over the full duration of the study and could be included in the analyses. In females, analyses of absolute urine hormone levels found no relationship between estradiol and any outcome, but higher testosterone was significantly associated with depression and poorer sleep. Greater variability of both urine estradiol and testosterone was associated with lower total psychopathology, anxious/depressed and social problems scores. Greater variability in urine estradiol was associated with lower attention problems and impulsive aggression in females. In males, higher testosterone and estradiol levels were associated with rule-breaking, and poorer sleep, and no associations were found for gonadal hormone variability for males.
Longitudinal measurement of both iso-sexual and contra-sexual gonadal hormones contributes to a more nuanced view of the impact of sex steroids on mood and behavior in adolescents. These findings may enlighten the understanding of the impact of sex steroids during normal male and female puberty with implications for hormone replacement therapies as well as management of common mood and behavioral problems.
探讨青少年女性和男性性激素排泄变化对情绪和行为变化的影响。
前瞻性、纵向观察队列研究。
参与者为 342 名居住在澳大利亚农村的 10-12 岁志愿者。通过液相色谱-质谱法测定尿液中的雌二醇和睾酮水平，每 3 个月测量一次，共测量 3 年。对研究期间每个 12 个月期间的尿液类固醇排泄的综合指标（曲线下面积）进行绝对和变异性评估。每年收集心理社会数据，主要结局为抑郁症状。次要结局为青少年自我报告的其他子量表、冲动-攻击、睡眠习惯和自伤。
277 名（158 名男性）参与者完成了整个研究期间的数据，并可纳入分析。在女性中，对绝对尿液激素水平的分析发现，雌二醇与任何结果均无关系，但睾酮水平较高与抑郁和睡眠较差显著相关。尿液雌二醇和睾酮变异性较大与总精神病理学、焦虑/抑郁和社会问题评分较低相关。尿液雌二醇变异性较大与女性注意力问题和冲动攻击行为较低相关。在男性中，较高的睾酮和雌二醇水平与违规行为和睡眠较差相关，而男性的性腺激素变异性与这些结果无关。
对同性别和异性别性腺激素的纵向测量有助于更细致地了解性激素对青少年情绪和行为的影响。这些发现可能有助于理解正常男性和女性青春期性激素的影响，对激素替代疗法以及常见情绪和行为问题的管理具有启示意义。
