O'Malley C A, Fullerton C L, Mauger A R
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7PE, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7PE, UK; Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
Psychol Sport Exerc. 2024 Jan;70:102544. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102544. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
Using a think aloud approach during fixed perceived effort exercise is a unique method to explore the decision-making processes that guide the self-regulation of perceived effort during endurance-based activity. In a two-part study, authors investigated the attentional focus and self-regulatory strategies associated with: Part A - perceived effort corresponding to (RPE) and above gas exchange threshold (RPE); Part B - between experienced and inexperienced cyclists during fixed perceived effort cycling tasks. Eighteen (15 male, 3 female) healthy, active individuals completed three visits (visit 1 - ramped incremental test and familiarisation, visit 2 and 3-30-min fixed perceived effort cycling). During which, power output, heart rate, lactate, think aloud, and perceptual markers were taken. Random-intercepts linear mixed-effects models assessed the condition, time, and condition × time interactions on all dependent variables. Power output, heart rate, lactate and instances of internal sensory monitoring (t=2.57,p=.011,β=0.95[0.23,1.68]) and self-regulation (t=4.14,p=.001,β=1.69[0.89,2.49]) were significantly higher in the RPE versus RPE trial. No significant differences between inexperienced and experienced cyclists for internal sensory monitoring (t=-1.78,p=.095,β=-1.73[-3.64,0.18]) or self-regulatory thoughts (t=-0.39,p=.699,β=-1.06[-6.32,4.21]) were noted but there were significant condition × time interactions for internal monitoring (t=2.02,p=.045,β=0.44[0.01,0.87]) and self-regulation (t=3.45,p=.001,β=0.85[0.37,1.33]). Seemingly, experienced athletes associatively attended to internal psychophysiological state and subsequently self-regulate their psychophysiological state at earlier stages of exercise than inexperienced athletes. This is the first study to exhibit the differences in attentional focus and self-regulatory strategies that are activated based on perceived effort intensity and experience level in cyclists.
在固定感知努力运动期间采用出声思考法是一种独特的方法，用于探索在耐力型活动中指导感知努力自我调节的决策过程。在一项分为两部分的研究中，作者调查了与以下方面相关的注意力焦点和自我调节策略：A部分——对应于自感用力度（RPE）及高于气体交换阈值时的感知努力（RPE）；B部分——在固定感知努力骑行任务中，有经验和无经验的自行车骑行者之间的差异。18名（15名男性，3名女性）健康、活跃的个体完成了三次访视（访视1——递增负荷测试和熟悉过程，访视2和3——30分钟固定感知努力骑行）。在此期间，记录了功率输出、心率、乳酸水平、出声思考内容以及感知指标。随机截距线性混合效应模型评估了所有因变量的条件、时间以及条件×时间的交互作用。在RPE试验与高于RPE试验中，功率输出、心率、乳酸水平以及内部感觉监测实例（t=2.57，p=0.011，β=0.95[0.23，1.68]）和自我调节（t=4.14，p=0.001，β=1.69[0.89，2.49]）显著更高。无经验和有经验的自行车骑行者在内部感觉监测（t=-1.78，p=0.095，β=-1.73[-3.64，0.18]）或自我调节思维（t=-0.39，p=0.699，β=-1.06[-6.32，4.21]）方面未发现显著差异，但在内部监测（t=2.02，p=0.045，β=0.44[0.01，0.87]）和自我调节（t=3.45，p=0.001，β=0.85[0.37，1.33]）方面存在显著的条件×时间交互作用。似乎有经验的运动员在运动早期比无经验的运动员更能关联关注内部心理生理状态，并随后自我调节其心理生理状态。这是第一项展示基于自行车骑行者的感知努力强度和经验水平而激活的注意力焦点和自我调节策略差异的研究。
