Hossain Abul, Dave Deepika, Shahidi Fereidoon
Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; Marine Bioprocessing Facility, Centre of Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Dec 31;253(Pt 7):127329. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127329. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
Sea cucumbers contain a wide range of biomolecules, including sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), with immense therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. SPs in sea cucumbers are mainly fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) and fucan sulfate (FS) which exhibit a series of pharmacological effects, including anticoagulant activity, in several biological systems. FCS is a structurally distinct glycosaminoglycan in the sea cucumber body wall, and its biological properties mainly depend on the degree of sulfation, position of sulfate group, molecular weight, and distribution of branches along the backbone. So far, FCS and FS have been recognized for their antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, and antioxidant potential. However, the functions of these SPs are mainly dependent on the species, origins, harvesting season, and extraction methods applied. This review focuses on the SPs of sea cucumbers and how their structural diversities affect various biological activities. In addition, the mechanism of actions of SPs, chemical structures, factors affecting their bioactivities, and their extraction methods are also discussed.
海参含有多种生物分子，包括硫酸化多糖（SPs），具有巨大的治疗和营养保健潜力。海参中的SPs主要是岩藻糖基化硫酸软骨素（FCS）和硫酸岩藻聚糖（FS），它们在多个生物系统中表现出一系列药理作用，包括抗凝活性。FCS是海参体壁中一种结构独特的糖胺聚糖，其生物学特性主要取决于硫酸化程度、硫酸基团位置、分子量以及主链上分支的分布。到目前为止，FCS和FS因其抗血栓、抗炎、抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗高血脂、抗肥胖和抗氧化潜力而受到认可。然而，这些SPs的功能主要取决于所应用的物种、来源、收获季节和提取方法。本综述重点关注海参的SPs及其结构多样性如何影响各种生物活性。此外，还讨论了SPs的作用机制、化学结构、影响其生物活性的因素及其提取方法。
