Kaliaperumal Kumaravel, Salendra Limbadri, Liu Yonghong, Ju Zhiran, Sahu Sunil Kumar, Elumalai Sanniyasi, Subramanian Kumaran, M Alotaibi Nahaa, Alshammari Nawaf, Saeed Mohd, Karunakaran Rohini
Unit of Biomaterials Division, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Oct 2;14:1216928. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216928. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION: Fungus-derived secondary metabolites are fascinating with biomedical potential and chemical diversity. Mining endophytic fungi for drug candidates is an ongoing process in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Endophytic fungal symbionts from terrestrial plants, marine flora, and fauna tend to produce interesting types of secondary metabolites with biomedical importance of anticancer, antiviral, and anti-tuberculosis properties. METHODS: An organic ethyl acetate extract of sponge-derived endophytic fungi from yielded seven different secondary metabolites which are purified through HPLC. The isolated compounds are of averufin (1), aspergilol-A (2), sulochrin (3), monomethyl sulochrin (4), methyl emodin (5), citreorosein (6), and diorcinol (7). All the seven isolated compounds were characterized by high-resolution NMR spectral studies. All isolated compounds', such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, and antiviral, were subjected to bioactivity screening. RESULTS: Out of seven tested compounds, compound (1) exhibits strong anticancer activity toward myeloid leukemia. HL60 cell lines have an IC concentration of 1.00μm, which is nearly significant to that of the standard anticancer drug taxol. A virtual computational molecular docking approach of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin binds strongly with the protein target alpha, beta-tubulin (1JFF), with a -10.98 binding score. Consecutive OSIRIS and Lipinski ADME pharmacokinetic validation of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin has good pharmacokinetic properties such as drug score, solubility, and mutagenic nature. Furthermore, aspergilol-A (2) is the first report on the fungal strain. DISCUSSION: We concluded that averufin (1) isolated from can be taken for further preliminary clinical trials like animal model studies and pharmacodynamic studies. A future prospect of anticancer screening of averufin can be validated through the present experimental findings.
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